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MPATH 596: pathological process (definition: The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion.)MPATH 175: healing and repair process (definition: The process, normal or abnormal, of damage repair or wound closure.)MPATH 176: connective tissue replacement (definition: Replacement of connective tissue by fibro-fatty deposits and scar tissue.)MPATH 177: angiogenesis (definition: Aberrant process of blood vessel formation and the subsequent remodeling process; does not refer to the initial establishment of the vascular network by vasculogenesis.) (synonym neovascularisation )
MPATH 182: gliosis (definition: Proliferation of astrocytes in an area of damage in the brain or spinal cord.)
MPATH 184: sclerosis (definition: Any pathological thickening or hardening of a tissue.) (synonym Induration [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 188: immunopathology (definition: Conditions resulting from inappropriate activation or suppression of the immune or inflammatory response.)MPATH 189: hypersensitivity disease (definition: Immune response resulting in tissue injury.)MPATH 190: type I hypersensitivity (definition: This is manifested by localized or generalized reaction that occurs immediately (minutes) after exposure to an antigen to which the person/animal was previously sensitized. It is IgE-mediated, and mast cell activation and degranulation are hallmarks.)
MPATH 191: type II hypersensitivity (definition: Caused by an antibody/antigen reaction: antibodies are directly or indirectly cytotoxic to antigens on cell surfaces or in connective tissues.) (comment: Most often involves IgG and IgM. Complement activation is usually involved.[])
MPATH 192: type III hypersensitivity (definition: Tissue injury mediated by immune complexes. Generally involves immune complexes formed in the blood via antibodies encountering circulating antigens. Immune complexes then deposit in tissues (especially blood vessels and glomeruli), induce complement activation, and result in tissue injury.)
MPATH 193: type IV hypersensitivity (definition: An antigen-elicited cellular immune reaction that results in tissue damage, but does not require Ab participation. The response is seen at the area of contact.)
MPATH 194: immune mediated disease (definition: Tissue response to inappropriate immune/inflammatory process.)MPATH 212: inflammation (definition: A tissue reaction to an internal or external injury.)
MPATH 196: dermatitis (definition: Inflammation of the skin.)
MPATH 783: B6 dermatitis (definition: Follicular dystrophy, rupture, foreign body reaction, ulceration, scarring, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia are part of a syndrome commonly called B6 dermatitis in black strains of mice.)
MPATH 197: glomerulonephritis (definition: Renal disease characterised by diffuse inflammatory changes in glomeruli not in response to an infectious agent or treatment.)MPATH 492: membraneous glomerulonephritis (definition: Glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary basement membranes, due in part to subepithelial deposits of immunoglobulins separated by spikes of basement membrane material,.)
MPATH 200: myositis (definition: Inflammation of a muscle.) (synonym Initis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 201: vasculitis (definition: Inflammation of a blood vessel.) (synonym angiitis [Pathbase: Curation] ; arteritis [Pathbase: Curation] ; lymphangiitis [Pathbase: Curation] ; phlebitis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 213: acute inflammation (definition: Inflammation with a recent onset, characterised histologically by primarily granulocyte infiltration, edema and hyperemia.) (comment: The five classical signs of inflammation: Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa (Galen 300BC).[])
MPATH 215: granulomatous inflammation (definition: Nodular inflammatory reaction, containing compactly grouped epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. The basic inflammatory unit is termed a granuloma.)MPATH 627: pyogranulomatous inflammation (definition: An inflammatory process in which there is infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into a more chronic area of inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and possibly plasma cells.)MPATH 859: botryomycosis (definition: Chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera. Usually caused by S. aureus.)
MPATH 670: granulomatous epicarditis (definition: A mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, primarily macrophages and some syncitial cells, around the heart attached to the epicardium.)
MPATH 216: necrotic inflammation (definition: Acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histological change is rapid diffuse necrosis throughout the affected tissue.)
MPATH 634: furunculosis (definition: Focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, enclosing a central slough or `core`.) (synonym Boil [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 638: cellulitis (definition: An acute, diffuse, spreading, edematous, suppurative inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and sometimes muscle, which may be associated with abscess formation.) (comment: It is usually caused by infection of an operative or traumatic wound, burn or other cutaneous lesion by various bacteria, but group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common aetiological agents.[])
MPATH 833: subacute inflammation (definition: transition between acute and chronic inflammation.) (comment: time varies form a few days to a week or so. Cells mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells, few macrophages or neutrophils. Less hemorrhage, edema and hyperemia.[])
MPATH 877: pneumonia (definition: An inflammatory condition of the lung, especially affecting the alveoli, associated with fever, chest symptoms, and congestion.) (comment: Typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes. Infectious agents include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.[])MPATH 585: acidophilic macrophage pneumonia (definition: A mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary airways with predominant intra-alveolar macrophage component with intra- and extracellular, elongated, bright eosinophilic/acidophilic crystals.) (comment: Crystals and acidophilic material have been reported as various materials including Ym1 and Ym2 proteins and blood pigment derivatives and Eotaxin.[])
MPATH 883: pneumonitis (definition: An interstitial, granulomatous, fibrosing inflammation of the lung, especially of the bronchioles and alveoli.)
MPATH 852: plasmacytosis (definition: A condition in which there is an unusually large proportion of plasma cells in tissues, exudates, or blood.)
MPATH 855: Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon (definition: In vivo formation of intensely eosinophilic material (radiate, star-like, asteroid or club-shaped configurations) around microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and parasites) or biologically inert substances.)
MPATH 597: cell and tissue damage process (definition: Processes occurring during cell and tissue damage of either intrinsic or extrinsic etiology.)MPATH 2: cell death (definition: Complete and irreversible cessation of metabolic activity.)MPATH 3: apoptosis (definition: Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies.) (synonym programmed cell death [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 4: necrosis (definition: Morpholological changes after intravital (Pathologic) death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage;characterised by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, swollen and abnormally pale basophilic staining; or karyorrhexis, rupture and fragmentation of the nucleus. Energy independent cf. Apoptosis MPATH 3.)
MPATH 6: caseous necrosis (definition: Necrosis characteristic of some inflammatory conditions which represents necrosis with loss of structure of the various cellular and tissue elements; affected tissue manifests a friable, crumbly consistency.)
MPATH 7: coagulation necrosis (definition: A type of necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are reduced to homogeneous eosinophilic mass without nuclear staining, as a result of the protein coagulation, eg. Infarct. Tissue architecture persists.)
MPATH 8: fat necrosis (definition: Dead and dying adipose tissue, characterized by the formation of small gray or white foci of soapy (saponified) cellular debris.)
MPATH 9: fibrinoid necrosis (definition: Necrosis in which the necrotic tissue shows deeply eosinophilic staining similar to that of fibrin.) (comment: Frequently occurs in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue in diseases such as disseminated Lupus erythrematosis and polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and rheumatic fever.[])
MPATH 10: gangrene (definition: Extensive necrosis from whatever cause, often following chronic ischemia.) (synonym Mortification [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 13: piecemeal necrosis (definition: Sensu; hepaticobiliary system. Loss and degeneration of hepatocytes at the portal-lobular interface producing a moth-eaten irregular appearance. Piecemeal necrosis is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate.)
MPATH 30: cystic medial necrosis (definition: Loss of muscle fibers and elastin in the media of the aorta, with accumulation of mucopolysaccharide.) (synonym Erdheim disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; media necrosis aortae idiopathica cystica [Pathbase: Curation] ; media necrosis of the aorta [Pathbase: Curation] ; Mucoid medial degeneration [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 745: zenker`s necrosis (definition: Degenerative changes in skeletal muscle including hyalinization, swelling, fragmentation, vacuolation eventually resulting in death of muscle fibers.)
MPATH 14: process of degenerative change (definition: A pathological process of loss or degradation of function, or structural integrity, of a tissue, organ or cell.)MPATH 15: general degenerative process (definition: Change of tissue to a lower state of integrity or less functional form, as in heart failure.)MPATH 16: myxoid/myxomatous degeneration (definition: A conversion of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or mucous substance.) (synonym Mucoid degeneration [Pathbase: Curation] ; myxomatosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 580: erosion (definition: Partial epithelial denudation not penetrating to the basement membrane.)
MPATH 775: compression (definition: Exertion of abnormal force on a structure or structures usually resulting in deformation and damage.)
MPATH 786: inspissation (definition: The drying, thickening and coagulation of extracellular secretions or fluids.)
MPATH 817: hydropic degeneration (definition: Form of degenerative process in which there is Intracytoplasmic fluid accumulation secondary to disturbance of cell membrane integrity.) (comment: Cytoplasmic vacuolation and ballooning with a centrally located nucleus.[]) (synonym ; cloudy swelling EXACT ; hydropic change EXACT)
MPATH 25: tissue specific degenerative process (definition: Degenerative process characteristic of a particular tissue.)MPATH 26: alopecia (definition: Absence of hair or loss of hair.)MPATH 582: Cicatricial alopecia (definition: Scarring of the hair follicle without affecting the adjacent dermis. Pigment may be associated with fibrous tract in pigmented individuals.)
MPATH 27: arthrosis (definition: Changes characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions. Not primarily an inflammatory process.) (synonym Degenerative joint disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; osteoarthrosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 28: atherosclerosis (definition: Characterised by irregular lipid deposits in the wall of arteries, causing narrowing of their lumens and proceeding eventually to fibrosis and calcification.) (comment: Note that in mouse and rats the initial lesions are mostly in the medial layer while in human they occur in the intima.[])
MPATH 31: emphysema (definition: Abnormal accumulation of air in the interstitial connective tissue of a structure. Sensu Lung: Pulmonary emphysema; characterised by abnormal increase in the size of air (alveolar) spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with degenerative changes in their walls and reduction in their number.)
MPATH 584: myelofibrosis (definition: In mice the term refers to accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the medullary cavity of bones; usually in old mice. In humans the term is synonymous with myeloid metaplasia.)
MPATH 586: polycystic disease (definition: A group of degenerative disorders resulting in multiple cysts in tissues.) (synonym polycystic kidney disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; polycystic liver disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; polycystic ovary [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 615: cardiomyopathy (definition: A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper.) (comment: Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive.[])
MPATH 656: hemolysis (definition: Rupture or disruption of erythrocytes with release of contents.) (comment: May be immune-mediated, induced by infectious organisms, or intrinsic disturbance of cell physiology or membrane/cytoskeletal integrity.[])
MPATH 781: encephalomalacia (definition: Softening of brain tissue, usually caused by vascular insufficiency or degenerative changes.) (comment: Areas in the brain where the parenchyma is blanched. Cells in this area are pycnotic. This may be the sequela of an infarction.[]) (synonym cerebromalacia EXACT)
MPATH 784: follicular atresia (definition: Degeneration and resorption of an ovarian follicle before it reaches maturity and ruptures.) (comment: Included here to permit annotation of unusual patterns or atresia; abnormal numbers of atretic follicles or abnoral size or distribution.[])
MPATH 554: dystrophy (definition: Regressive changes which may increase in severity, and which may result from defective nutrition or support of a tissue or organ.) (comment: Most often used for diseases in which a structure does not develop properly (not necessarily in an embryonic context) and undergoes degradation.[])MPATH 810: follicular dystrophy (definition: Degenerative changes in hair follicles resulting in a deformed hair fiber, sometimes root sheath hyperplasia and follicular rupture.)
MPATH 599: developmental process abnormalities (definition: developmental process abnormalities)MPATH 57: agenesis (definition: Failure of a tissue or organ to develop.) (synonym Agenesia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 58: aplasia (definition: Absence of an organ or tissue coupled with persistence of the organ/tissue primordium, which fails to develop completely.)
MPATH 64: developmental dysplasia (definition: Abnormal development (of organs or tissues) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth.) (comment: The word dysplasia as commonly used refers to a precursor state to neoplasia. This is not the context used for this MPATH term.[])
MPATH 499: nesidioblastosis (definition: Abnormal proliferation of beta cells of developing islets often leading to marked diffuse or focal beta-cell hyperplasia. Considered to generate a potentially cancerous lesion.) (synonym Beta-cell nesidioblastosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; congenital insulinomas [Pathbase: Curation] ; diffused or generalised islet cell hyperplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; endocrine dysplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; focal adenomatosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; microadenomatosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; multifocal and focal ductulo-insular proliferation (nesidioblastosis) [Pathbase: Curation] ; nesidioblastoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; nesidiodysplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 574: nephroblastomatosis (definition: Persistence of metanephrogenic blastema or its presence in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Associated with hyperplastic nephrogenic rests.)
MPATH 67: displacement and deformity (definition: Abnormal location, orientation, number, loss or non-specified deformity of a structure or tissue.)MPATH 76: heterotopia (definition: Congenital appearance of a body part or tissue or cell type in a region where it is not normally found ( topographical anomaly).) (synonym Ectopia [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 79: malposition (definition: Abnormal position or orientation of a structure insufficient to be called a heterotopia.) (synonym Misplacement [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 842: coccygeal hemivertebrae (definition: abnormally shaped vertebral body often triangular as opposed to rectangular.) (comment: spontaneous or induced developmental lesion[])
MPATH 72: growth acceleration (definition: Increase in the rate of growth of an organism, organ or tissue as a consequence of increased proliferation, reduced cell death, or a combination. Not due to an increase in cell size; see Hypertrophy MPATH: 159.)
MPATH 77: homoeotic change (definition: Stricto sensu: replacement of one body part or tissue by an homologous structure or tissue, but commonly used incorrectly to describe non-homologous transformations better described as heterotopias or ectopias.)
MPATH 85: transdifferentiation (definition: Alteration in the differentiation of a cell or tissue already showing a different, recognisable, differentiated state.) (comment: This term is generally used in the context of embryonic cells or stem cells.[])
MPATH 604: defective growth and differentiation process (definition: Abnormal increase or decrease in the rate of cell growth or cell division including associated changes in the differentiation state of adult cells.) (comment: Excludes abnormalities of developmental proliferation and differentiation.[])MPATH 127: atrophy (definition: A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume.)
MPATH 133: hypoplasia (definition: Small organ or structure; failure to develop to normal size.) (synonym Developmental hypoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 134: hyperplasia (definition: An increase in cell numbers in comparison to normal as a consequence of increased cell proliferation. Non -neoplastic process.)
MPATH 159: hypertrophy (definition: Increase in size or mass of a cell, tissue or organ without increase in cell proliferation. Cf. Hyperplasia MPATH: 133.)MPATH 616: hyperostosis (definition: Hypertrophy of bone characterised by an abnormal increase in non-neoplastic skeletal bone mass. These may be proliferative or non-proliferative lesions.) (synonym osteosclerosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 160: metaplasia (definition: Abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind. An adult instance of developmental transdifferentiation MPATH:85 Traditionally defined as a form of abnormal regeneration in which a type of cell different from that found normally in a given location is produced.)
MPATH 581: desmoplasia (definition: Connective tissue proliferative reaction induced by a neoplastic process.) (synonym scirrhous [Pathbase: Curation] ; sclerosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 589: dysplasia (definition: Distortion or deficiency of the tissue or cellular architecture.) (comment: Note that with respect to developmental processes the term dysplasia is often used with greater specificity to describe aberrant developmental processes of proliferation and differentation, in which case MPATH: 64 Developmental dysplasia should be used.[])MPATH 590: fibro-osseous lesion (definition: Lesion of bone showing accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption coupled with fibroplasia. Later stages show proliferation of osteoblasts.) (comment: The benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOL) represent a clinically diverse group of disorders of bone that share similar histopathologic features. As a group, they are relatively common in the craniofacial complex, especially the jaws. Common in some inbred strains notably B6C3F1 females. Note that many of the synonyms have been used
historically and may not be accurate. See: Albassam MA, Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Capen CC, Carlton WW, Sundberg JP, Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press, Washington D.C., pp 425-437. AND Albassam MA, Wojcinski ZW, Barsoum NJ, Smith, GS (1991) Spontaneous fibro-osseous proliferative lesions in the sternums and femurs of B6C3F1 mice. Vet Path 28: 381-388.[]) (synonym fibrous dysplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; fibrous osteodystrophy [Pathbase: Curation] ; osteodysplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; osteodystrophy [Pathbase: Curation] ; osteofibrosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 592: osteopetrosis (definition: Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone and mineralized cartilage, especially in long bones, leading to obliteration of marrow spaces and to anemia with myeloid metaplasia and hepatosplenomegaly beginning in infancy, to bone fragility, and to progressive deafness and blindness.) (synonym Albers-Schoenberg disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; marble bone disease [Pathbase: Curation] ; marble bones [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 830: regeneration (definition: repair, reproduction, or replacement of lost or injured cells, tissues, or organs.)
MPATH 606: neoplasia (definition: The pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a neoplasm.) (comment: Literally: new growth of cells. Neoplasia refers to the unscheduled or abnormal growth of cells, potentially resulting in a benign or malignant tumour. Neoplasms include potentially cancerous lesions as well as full malignancies but not all neoplasms are potentially cancerous.[]) (synonym neoplastic process [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 603: pathological anatomical entity (definition: Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity.)MPATH 1: cell and tissue damage (definition: The sum of morphological and functional disturbances induced by cell and tissue damage, either from intrinsic gene dysfunction or as a result of external factors.)
MPATH 29: cataract (definition: Opacity of the lens.)MPATH 461: cataract; capsular-epithelial (definition: Proliferation of lens epithelium and capsule leading to fibrous metaplasia and anterior subcapsular cataract ( ASC) . Possible developmental origin.)
MPATH 464: cataract; lens extrusion (definition: Involves capsular rupture usually of the posterior lens capsule, close to birth or in the first few weeks postpartum. Cortical material spills into the vitreous humor and may be disseminated through the eye.)
MPATH 33: intracellular and extracellular accumulation (definition: Accumulation of substances within, on the surface of or between cells.)MPATH 34: amyloid deposition (definition: Extracellular deposition of amyloid protein.) (comment: Any group of chemically diverse proteins that appears microscopically homogeneous, but is composed of linear non-branching aggregated fibrils aranged in sheets when see under the electron microscope.[]) (synonym Amyloidosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 40: hyalinosis (definition: Intracellular deposition of eosinophilic material.) (synonym Hyaline degeneration, Eosinophilic cytoplasmic change [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 42: lipid deposition (definition: Extra or intracellular deposition of lipid.)MPATH 724: xanthoma (definition: Dermal, subcutaneous, or tendinous lesions characterized by accumulations of lipid-laden macrophages often rich in cholesterol.)
MPATH 45: protein deposition (definition: Non-specified intra or extracellular deposition of protein.)
MPATH 41: iron deposition (definition: Extra- or intra-cellular deposition of iron, iron containing proteins or hemosiderin.)
MPATH 740: drusen (definition: Tiny yellow or white deposits of lamellar or amorphous extracellular material that build up between retina and retinal pigment epithelium.)
MPATH 547: mucous secretions (definition: Extracellular accumulation of mucous secretions.) (comment: Mucus is the clear viscous secretion of the mucous membranes. Consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes and various inorganic salts dissolved in water.[])MPATH 733: mucometra (definition: A uterus distended with a fluid containing large quantities of mucin.)
MPATH 555: mineralisation (definition: Deposition of any homogeneous inorganic material.)MPATH 36: calcium deposition (definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of calcium usually as calcium phosphate.)MPATH 780: pseudoxanthoma elasticum (definition: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a progressive disorder characterized by accumulated deposits of calcium and other minerals in elastic fibers.)
MPATH 795: psammoma body (definition: Round , often laminar, non-proteinaceous eosinophilic bodies representing calcium deposition.) (comment: Psammoma bodies are associated with the papillary (nipple-like) histomorphology and are thought to arise from (1) the infarction and calcification of papillae tips and (2) calcification of intralymphatic tumor thrombi.[])
MPATH 41: iron deposition (definition: Extra- or intra-cellular deposition of iron, iron containing proteins or hemosiderin.)
MPATH 613: pigmentation (definition: Coloration, either normal or pathologic, of the skin or tissues resulting from a deposit of pigment.)
MPATH 37: ceroid deposition (definition: Intracellular deposition of golden or yellow-brown pigment, acid fast and insoluble in lipid solvents. Believed to be a type of lipofuscin.)
MPATH 43: lipofuscin deposition (definition: Intracellular deposition of brown pigment granules probably representing lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. Often age related.)
MPATH 622: steatosis (definition: Abnormal retention of lipids within a cell. Physically apparent as lipid within liposomes of parenchymal cells.) (comment: Most commonly associated with degenerative change in the liver.[]) (synonym adipose degeneration [Pathbase: Curation] ; fatty change [Pathbase: Curation] ; fatty degeneration [Pathbase: Curation] ; lipidosis EXACT)
MPATH 815: macrovesicular lipidosis (definition: subtype of steatosis with Hepatocytes containing a large well-defined single rounded vacuole within each cell, nucleus and cytoplasm displaced to the periphery,) (synonym macrovesicular steatosis. EXACT)
MPATH 816: microvesicular lipidosis (definition: Variant form of hepatic steatosis. Hepatocytes partially or completely filled with numerous small lipid vacuoles. Affected hepatocytes may have a foamy appearance.Small vacuoles do not normally displace the nucleus to
the periphery in contrast to macrovesicular lipidosis.) (synonym microvesicular fatty change EXACT ; microvesicular steatosis EXACT)
MPATH 642: cholesterol deposition (definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of cholesterol.) (comment: Often diagnosed morphologically by the presence of cholesterol clefts - bare regions of a section where accumulated cholesterol has been removed by histological processing.[])
MPATH 708: pyelectasia (definition: Distension of the renal pelvis by accumulated fluid or urine.) (comment: May be fetal or adult.[])MPATH 635: hydronephrosis (definition: Swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any of part of the urinary tract. Severe form of pyelectasia.)
MPATH 735: molar hypercementosis (definition: Thickening of the cementum layer of the molars.) (comment: This is usually a normal adaptive response, serving to improve the functional properties of teeth during aging.[])
MPATH 47: intracellular and extracellular depletion (definition: Loss or dispersion of specific intra- and extracellular substances.)
MPATH 53: osteopenia (definition: Reduced bone mass due to inadequate synthesis of osteoid, resulting in decreased calcification.)
MPATH 54: osteoporosis (definition: Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue. More severe than MPATH: 53 with gross changes to bone matrix.)
MPATH 744: pigmentary incontinence (definition: Release of melanin pigment in the dermis.) (comment: Observed as melanin pigment within macrophages in the dermis. Inflammation in the epidermis stimulates melanocytes to increase the synthesis of melanin and subsequently to transfer the pigment to surrounding keratinocytes. If the basal layer is injured (e.g. lichen planus), melanin pigment is released and subsequently trapped by macrophages in the papillary dermis.[])
MPATH 468: pseudocyst (definition: Formation of extracellular (sensu pancreas) non-epithelial bounded spaces containing accumulated products or substances.)
MPATH 579: ulcer (definition: Loss of epithelium and the basement membrane (full thickness). Cf Erosion.)
MPATH 812: blister (definition: A collection of fluid underneath the top layer of skin (epidermis).) (comment: Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum or plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected).[])
MPATH 55: developmental and structural abnormality (definition: Developmental and structural abnormalities occurring during embryonic development or during adult life.)MPATH 56: developmental or adult structural defect (definition: Structural, physical or other general defect of prenatal development of the embryo and the placenta, or such as are acquired in the adult.)
MPATH 62: cyst (definition: Formation of an epithelium bounded cavity not associated with neoplasia.)MPATH 637: bursal cyst (definition: A retention cyst, resulting from an obstruction to the duct of a gland, within a bursa.)
MPATH 641: epidermal inclusion cyst (definition: Intradermal or subcutaneous cyst, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules, surrounding a core of debris.)
MPATH 736: ovarian follicular cyst (comment: A variety of cysts develop in the ovary. They are subdivided based on where they develop anatomically. Ovarian follicles in this case become large and fluid filled.[])
MPATH 763: sialocele (definition: Salivary gland duct occlusion resulting in massive enlargement forming a large cyst-like structure.)
MPATH 776: spermatocoele (definition: A spermatocoele is a cyst that contains spermatozoa. .) (comment: They occur in the head of the epididymis or less commonly, in the spermatic cord.[])
MPATH 807: hygroma (definition: Large cystic subcutaneous spaces usually found in the flexures, especially around the neck.) (comment: Obstruction of the developing lymphatics may contribute to their genesis.[]) (synonym Cystic hygroma )
MPATH 66: dilatation (definition: Increase in the diameter of an orifice or tubular structure beyond its normal dimensions.)MPATH 474: ectasia (definition: Dilation of a tubular structure.) (comment: Often associated with an obstruction.[])MPATH 98: lymphangiectasis (definition: A stretching and widening of the lymphatic vessels.) (synonym Lymphectasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; telangiectasia lymphatica [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 759: pseudocyesis (definition: Appearance of clinical and/or subclinical signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy when the animal is not pregnant) (comment: Virgin females have mammary acini and ducts dilated to various degrees filled with proteinaceous materials suggestive of lactation or involution.[]) (synonym false pregnancy EXACT)
MPATH 868: uterine ectasia (definition: Dilation of the uterus) (comment: Usually assciated iwth hydrpometra[]) (synonym hydrometra )
MPATH 68: diverticulum (definition: A blind ended outpouching through the wall of a tubular organ or bounded cavity.)
MPATH 70: fistula (definition: An abnormal passage between two internal organs or leading from a cavity to the body surface.)
MPATH 74: hamartoma (definition: A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm which results from faulty development of an organ; composed of an abnormal mixture of tissue elements, or an abnormal proportion of a single element. Growth and location are usually normal for that tissue cf. Heterotopia/Choristoma MPATH:76/MPATH:477.)MPATH 387: odontoma (definition: Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0).)
MPATH 420: lymphangioma (definition: Benign hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic ducts. Usually found in the skin and may be superficial or deep. (M-9170/0).) (synonym Hygroma BROAD[ISBN:0-19-261976-4])MPATH 804: cavernous lymphangioma (definition: Large numbers of thin-walled dilated lymphatic channels situated in the dermis, subcutis or skeletal muscle.) (comment: This is a developmental malformation[])
MPATH 805: cystic hygroma (definition: Variant of cavernous lymphangioma (MPATH:804) showing gross dilatation of lymphatic channels.) (synonym Cystic lymphangioma. )
MPATH 806: lymphangioma circumscriptum (definition: Cutaneous grouped collection of thin-walled translucent vessels, which appear at birth or in early infancy and are commonest around the limb girdles.) (comment: Generally believed to represent a developmental defect but may be associated with surgery.[])
MPATH 75: hernia (definition: Protrusion of a loop or wall of an organ through an abnormal opening.)
MPATH 80: obstruction and stenosis (definition: Occlusion ( partial or complete) of a lumen or space, internally by a space occupying mass or, in the case of stenosis, by local reduction in the diameter of a vessel, duct or the intestine.)
MPATH 81: perforation (definition: Presence of a hole/channel through a normally imperforate structure often a membrane or septum.)
MPATH 82: persistent embryonic structure (definition: Persistence of an embryonic structure or tissue into the post-natal period in its normal location; (Chronological/temporal anomaly).) (synonym Embryonic rest. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 90: aneurysm (definition: Localised dilation of an artery or heart chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the artery or chamber.)MPATH 97: dissecting aneurysm (definition: Follows the presence of a hematoma in the wall of an artery Splitting of the media occurs, blood enters the split through a tear in the intima.)
MPATH 469: symmetry defect (definition: Any aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern.)MPATH 470: left/right axis defect (definition: Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern.) (comment: For example as seen in the mutation .[])
MPATH 477: choristoma (definition: Similar to hamartoma, including the mass lesion requirement, but unlike hamartoma, includes heterotopic tissue of an adult or embryonic nature ( topographical and developmental anomaly).) (synonym Choristoblastoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 562: torsion (definition: The twisting of a bodily organ or part on its own axis.)MPATH 788: testicular torsion (definition: The testicle twisted around the vascular tract to constrict flow resulting in liquifactive necrosis of the affected testicle.)
MPATH 623: synechia (definition: An adhesion, usually between the iris and the cornea or the lens capsule.) (comment: May also be seen in the uterus ( in humans Asherman`s syndrome).[])
MPATH 624: involution (definition: Turning in of the edges of a structure.) (comment: Not return of an enlarged organ to its normal size.[])
MPATH 626: prolapse (definition: To sink down, said of an organ or other part. A sinking of an organ or other part, especially its appearance at a natural or artificial orifice.)MPATH 742: intervertebral disk prolapse (definition: Rupture of the intervertebral disc, usually dorsally to compress the spinal cord, secondary to trauma.) (comment: These become more common with age.[])
MPATH 752: barbered (definition: loss of hair resulting from a behavioral abnormality in which the mouse, or more often other mice mice in the same box, remove hairs, initially vibrissae, from each other.) (comment: This is a form of trichotillomania.[])
MPATH 764: fracture (definition: A fracture is the (local) separation of a bone into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress.)
MPATH 832: paraphimosis (definition: persistent retraction of the prepuce behind the glans penis) (comment: generally due to inflammation, but can cause further inflammation which exacerbates the condition[])
MPATH 869: intussception (definition: Condition in which a part of the intestine has invaginated into another section of intestine,)
MPATH 86: organ specific developmental defect (definition: Developmental defect characteristic of a particular organ or organ system which may be a recognised syndrome or a complex defect showing multiple manifestations.)MPATH 87: germ cell defect (definition: Abnormal morphology, differentiation or location of primordial germ cells or their descendents. Not neoplastic.)
MPATH 89: cardiovascular developmental defect (definition: Abnormal development of the heart or vascular tissue resulting in morphological abnormality.)MPATH 91: arteriovenous anastomosis (definition: Formation of vessels between arterioles and venules bypassing capillary circulation.) (synonym Anastomosis arteriolovenularis [Pathbase: Curation] ; anastomosis arteriovenosa [Pathbase: Curation] ; arteriolovenular anastomosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 92: cardiac defect (definition: Structural, organisational or growth related defects in cardiac development.) (synonym heart abnormalities [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 93: cardiac septation defect (definition: Abnormality in the wall between the atria or ventricles, or defects in the truncoconal septum, of the heart; usually incomplete closure.)MPATH 619: truncoconal septal defect (definition: Septal defect lying between the aorta and pulmonary trunks caused by failure of the spiral septum to separate the truncus arteriosus.)
MPATH 94: valve defect (definition: Malformation of the membranous folds of the heart that prevent reflux of fluid.)
MPATH 98: lymphangiectasis (definition: A stretching and widening of the lymphatic vessels.) (synonym Lymphectasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; telangiectasia lymphatica [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 799: scoliosis (definition: Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. The spine curves away from the middle or sideways.) (synonym EXACT)
MPATH 105: circulatory disorder (definition: Lesions leading to or consequent on failure of, or atypical movement of, blood throughout the body.)MPATH 106: fluid accumulation (definition: Abnormal accumulation of fluid; blood or lymph.)MPATH 107: congestion (definition: Presence of an abnormal amount of fluid (but especially of blood) in the vessels or passages of a part or organ.)
MPATH 109: edema (definition: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues.) (synonym oedema EXACT)MPATH 808: lymphedema (definition: Accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by blockage or failure of the lymphatic system.) (comment: Not be confused with edema arising from venous insufficiency, which is not lymphedema.[]) (synonym Lymphoedema EXACT)
MPATH 809: nuchal edema (definition: Edema of the posterior aspect of the fetal neck caused by an accumulation of fluid, usually lymph.)
MPATH 643: serous exudate (definition: Non-cellular fluid that filters from the circulatory system and accumulates in lesions or areas of inflammation.)
MPATH 108: disseminated intravascular coagulation (definition: A syndrome consequent to uncontrolled activation of blood clotting factors leading to disseminated platelet lysis, and fibrin deposition, ultimately leading to bleeding and necrosis as a consequence of inhibition of fibrin polymerisation by degradation products.) (comment: Diagnosed by microthrombi in many organs.[]) (synonym DIC [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 110: embolus (definition: A plug formed from a variety of materials occluding a vessel or tube.)
MPATH 114: bone marrow embolism (definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of bone marrow, often fatty debris into the circulation. Usually following trauma.)
MPATH 115: fat embolism (definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of lipid or fatty cells into the circulation. Usually following trauma.)
MPATH 118: systemic embolism (definition: Production of systemic vessel occlusion by emboli released from the left side of the heart, or the aorta.)
MPATH 119: hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation (definition: Abnormal release of whole blood or the cellular component from the circulation.)MPATH 120: ecchymosis (definition: A red/purple patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin. Larger than petechiae.) (comment: May also be used for any organ, although more generally used with respect to the skin.[])
MPATH 121: hematoma (definition: A localised deposition of clotted or partially clotted extravasated blood.) (synonym Bruise [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 122: petechia (definition: Small hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by blood vessel breakdown.) (comment: Usually used with reference to the skin but can be used in the context of other organs.[])
MPATH 123: purpura (definition: Purple and variously colored lesions caused by extensive haemorrhage into the skin through ecchymoses/petechia.)
MPATH 794: melena (definition: Digested blood in the lumen of the stomach or small intestine, indicative of hemorrhage.)
MPATH 124: infarct (definition: An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden cessation of arterial or venous blood supply.)
MPATH 126: growth and differentiation defect (definition: Defects in growth (changes in proliferation or mass) and differentiation of cells tissues or organs.)MPATH 602: hyperplastic tissue (definition: An organ or a tissue with an abnormal increase in the number of cells as a consequence of cell proliferation.)
MPATH 138: epithelial hyperplasia (definition: Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells and epithelial components.)
MPATH 142: intraductal hyperplasia (definition: Benign hyperplasia of the ducts of the mammary gland. Ducts exhibit more than the usual two layer epithelium (inner cuboidal to columnar cells; outer layer of myoepithelium) without cytological atypia.)
MPATH 143: microglandular hyperplasia (definition: Benign proliferation of glandular epithelia, eg. Endocervical glands. Consists of tightly packed glandular or tubular units, which vary in size, lined by a flattened-to-cuboidal epithelium.) (synonym microglandular adenosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 491: polyp (definition: A mass of tissue which projects outward or upward from the normal surface level being macroscopically visible as a hemispheroidal, spheroidal, or irregular moundlike structure growing from a relatively broad base or a slender stalk.)
MPATH 141: inflammatory polyp (definition: A projecting mass of granulation tissue which may become covered by regenerating epithelium.) (synonym pseudopolyp [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 753: gastric forestomach papillomatous hyperplasia (definition: The forestomach of the mouse is lined by stratified squamous epithelia. At the limiting ridge there is hyperplasia to various degrees in which this epithelium proliferates to form raised areas on thin fibrovascular stalks.)
MPATH 148: mesothelial hyperplasia (definition: Benign proliferation of mesothelial cells lining body cavities presenting as small solid cell clusters or multiple layers with columnar morphology and delicate eosinophilic cytoplasm.) (synonym mesothelioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 149: squamous hyperplasia (definition: Benign proliferation of epidermal cells with hyperkeratosis. Variable growth pattern, regular to papillary (exophytic squamous cell hyperplasia).) (synonym epidermal hyperplasia. [Pathbase: Curation] ; squamous cell hyperplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 151: actinic keratosis (definition: Discrete, flat or elevated, verrucous, keratotic lesions. Epidermal changes are characterized by acanthosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratoses. Dysplastic change is present and the keratinocytes vary in size and shape. Associated with UV exposure in humans. Not defined in mice to date.)
MPATH 153: hypergranulosis (definition: Increased thickness of the granular layer of a stratified squamous epithelium, associated with hyperorthokeratosis.)
MPATH 154: hyperkeratosis (definition: Thickening of the surface layers (stratum corneum) in the skin or other stratified squamous epithelium. Cf. ortho- and para-keratosis.) (synonym cornification [Pathbase: Curation] ; hyperorthokeratosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; hyperparakeratosis [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 155: orthokeratosis (definition: Thickening of the anuclear cell layer limited to the stratum corneum, as in a stratified squamous epithelium.)
MPATH 156: parakeratosis (definition: Thickening of the surface cell layer of a stratified squamous epithelium with retention of nuclei in the cells of the stratum corneum.)
MPATH 157: pseudoepithelioma/pseudocarcinoma (definition: Benign hyperplasia and down-growth of epidermal cells. Microscopically resembling well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.) (synonym pseudocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 158: seborrheic keratosis (definition: Superficial, benign, verrucous, often pigmented, greasy lesions consisting of proliferating epidermal cells, resembling basal cells, enclosing cornifying cysts.) (synonym Basal cell papilloma [Pathbase: Curation] ; seborrheic verruca [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 482: focal hyperplasia (definition: Localised hyperplastic lesion. Polyclonal lesions are probably benign but clonal lesions may progress to malignancy.)
MPATH 484: hyperplastic nodule (definition: Expansion of small hyperplastic lesions to become macroscopically nodules, compressing adjacent cells.) (synonym hyperplastic nodules [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodular hyperplasia )
MPATH 587: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia (definition: The lesion is characterized microscopically by epithelial cells with atypical hyperchromatic nuclei, vacuolization, intratubular lumina formation, infrequent apoptosis, and rare mitotic figures. In contrast to germ cells, the cells of CEH do not express alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, or S-100. Ultrastructurally, the cells are pleomorphic with stereocilia at their apical borders and within intratubular lumina, and are supported by a basement membrane. CEH does not appear to be a preneoplastic change.) (comment: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia was initially described as an incidental finding in human orchidectomy specimens. Recently, this condition was also described in mice, homozygous for a targeted mutation in p53.[])
MPATH 820: goitre (definition: Increase in size of the thyroid gland caused initially by uniform follicular epithelial hyperplasia generally in response to iodine deficiency.) (synonym goiter EXACT ; hyperplastic goitre )
MPATH 874: plasmacytosis (definition: Plasmacytosis is a hyperplastic condition in which there is an unusually large proportion of mature plasma cells in tissues, exudates, or blood.)
MPATH 605: metaplastic tissue (definition: A tissue or group of cells in which there has been abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind.) (comment: Nearly exclusively used in an adult context.[])
MPATH 162: epithelial metaplasia (definition: Metaplasia occurring within epithelia.)
MPATH 169: nephrogenic metaplasia (definition: .A rare benign neoplasm of the mucosa of the urinary bladder or the urethra, consisting of tubular structures resembling those of the nephron.) (synonym nephrogenic adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 170: oncocytic metaplasia (definition: Appearance of oncocytic cells in for example an epithelium or tumor.) (comment: An oncocyte is an acidophilic cell containing numerous mitochondria - an oxophil cell.[])
MPATH 172: transitional cell metaplasia (definition: Metaplastic response of the transitional epithelium, for example in the bladder to give squamous metaplasia and glandular metaplasia for example.)
MPATH 631: hypertrophic tissue (definition: Tissue or cells undergoing hypertrophy, MPATH: 159.)MPATH 632: Hepatocytomegaly (definition: Increase in size of hepatocytes characterised by organelle hyperplasia and enlarged cellular volume.) (comment: Hepatocytomegaly is an enlargement of the hepatocytes and is generally classified into three types: hepatocellular hypertrophy, megalocytosis, and hepatocellular vacuolation. Hepatocellular hypertrophy is an enlargement of cellular diameter without accompanying nuclear changes, leading to a net gain in the dry mass of the liver. Megalocytosis is characterized by enlargement of both the cell and the nucleus, and hepatocellular vacuolation is characterized by vacuolation, or formation of pockets of fluid within the hepatocytes.[]) (synonym Hepatocellular hypertrophy. EXACT)
MPATH 821: hypoplastic tissue (definition: Tissue showing smaller mass as a consequence of deficient proliferation or premature differentiation.)
MPATH 218: neoplasm (definition: A tumor resulting from abnormal and uncontrolled autonomous new cell growth (proliferation)that may be benign or malignant.)MPATH 219: adnexal and skin appendage tumor (definition: Tumors of the skin, its constituent structures and glands including the mammary gland, apocrine and eccrine glands, hair follicles and associated structures.)
MPATH 224: clear cell hidradenoma (definition: Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 ).) (synonym Eccrine acrospiroma [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodular hidradenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 227: eccrine papillary adenoma (definition: Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma. (M -8408/0).) (synonym benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland, papillary form [Pathbase: Curation] ; Papillary adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 229: sebaceous adenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3).) (synonym sebaceous carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 230: sebaceous adenoma (definition: Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0).) (synonym Epithelioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 231: syringoma (definition: A benign, often multiple, sometimes eruptive neoplasm of the sweat gland ducts composed of very small round cysts. (M-8407/0).)
MPATH 233: basal cell tumor (definition: Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0).) (synonym basal cell adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Benign basal cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 294: myoepithelioma (definition: Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands. (M-8982/0).) (synonym myoepithelial adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 358: melanocytic tumor (definition: Tumors derived from melanocytes.)MPATH 359: melanoma (definition: Tumor of neurectodermal origin, usually melanocytes, showing dense deposition of melanin granules, although amelanotic melanomas have been reported. (M-8720/3).) (synonym melanosarcoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; melanosarcoma, malignant melanoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 360: melanoma in situ (definition: A potentially malignant lesion, melanoma in situ is the first phase of growth of melanoma, in which it is still confined to the epithelial domain (epidermis and adnexa) and has not passed through the basement membrane. (M-8720/2).) (synonym level I melanoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 361: naevus (definition: Local lesion of the skin, often colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity. May be predominantly epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, vascular, or mesodermal, or a compound overgrowth of these tissues. Not necessarily pre-malignant. (M-8720/0).) (synonym mole (sensu melanocytic nevus) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 443: inverted squamous papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0).) (synonym endophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation] ; invaginated papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 444: keratoacanthoma (definition: Skin type is thought to arise from follicular epithelium of hair follicles; found in other epithelia. Composed of multiple cup shaped cavities filled with lamellated concentrically arranged or homogeneous cornified masses.) (synonym epithelioma, intracutaneous, cornifying [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 446: squamous cell carcinoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3).) (synonym carcinoma, epidermoid ( sensu epidermal derived tumors) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 447: squamous cell carcinoma in situ (definition: Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2).) (synonym IENIII [Pathbase: Curation] ; severe intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 448: squamous cell papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells.) (synonym Exophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 575: basaloid follicular neoplasms (definition: This is a new diagnostic term that the MMHC pathology panel felt best described a diagnostically challenging set of tumors that share the feature of being compose of basaloid cells showing follicular differentiation to some extent. These tumors are common in GEM involving the hedgehog signaling pathway and frequently have more than one of the histologic patterns listed below. The designation of benign and malignant has been excluded from the primary diagnosis purposely, as this is frequently difficult to determine in these characteristically well circumscribed tumors. The presence of a disorganized (non-palisaded) sheet-like growth pattern, tumor necrosis, or numerous mitoses are felt to represent malignant transformation.)MPATH 232: trichoepithelioma (definition: Multiple small benign nodules derived from basal
cells of hair follicles enclosing small cornified cell containing cysts. (M-8100/0).) (synonym benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; Epithelioma adenoides cysticum [Pathbase: Curation] ; hair follicle tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 571: pilomatricoma (definition: Tumor composed of the epithelial components of the most proximal (trichogenic) portion of the hair follicle associated with an aberrent hair cortex type of cornification (ghost cells or shadow cells). The most primitive cellular component consists of basophilic cells having scanty cytoplasm and nuclei that occasionally overlap to some extent. In humans mineralisation is common.)
MPATH 577: spiradenoma (definition: Cellular neoplasm with well formed palisades of basaloid cells adjacent to less basophilic smaller cells with occasional central deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material. These tumors share some features with cylindroma type tumors but have a less well developed jigsaw puzzle-like architecture and tend to be more cellular.)
MPATH 235: blood vessel tumor (definition: Tumor of venous or arterial vessels or capillaries.)MPATH 236: angiofibroma (definition: .A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are multiple large and small dilated vascular channels ( M9160/0).) (synonym Telangiectatic fibroma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 237: angiokeratoma (definition: An intradermal capillary telangiectasis with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis (M-9141/0).) (synonym keratoangioma [Pathbase: Curation] ; telangiectasia verrucosa [Pathbase: Curation] ; telangiectatic wart [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 238: hemangioblastoma (definition: A benign neoplasm frequently arising in the cerebellum composed of capillary vessel forming endothelial cells and stromal cells. (M-9161/1).) (synonym Angioblastoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 240: hemangioma (definition: Neoplasm derived from endothelial cells. May be of capillary or cavernous type with large vascular channels. (M-9130/0 + M-9120/0 respectively).) (synonym Angioendothelioma. [Pathbase: Curation] ; Hemangioendothelioma, benign [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 628: pyogenic granuloma (definition: A small rounded mass of inflamed, highly vascular granulation tissue on the skin, frequently having an ulcerated surface. More likely a true neoplasm rather than a reactive lesion.) (synonym lobular capillary hemangioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 858: capillary hemangioma (definition: Benign proliferation of capillaries made up of closely packed aggregations of capillaries, usually of normal caliber, separated by scant connective stroma.) (comment: Most common kind of hemangioma thought to be derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells.[])
MPATH 241: hemangiopericytoma (definition: A vascular, usually benign, neoplasm composed of round and spindle cells derived from the pericytes and surround endothelium-lined vessels. (M-9150/0/1/3).) (synonym Pericytoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 242: hemangiosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells of blood vessels. (M-9120/3).) (synonym hemangioendothelioma malignant, angiosarcoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; hemangioendothelioma malignant. [Pathbase: Curation] ; Hemangioma malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 495: glomangioma (definition: Tumor derived from the capillary glomus with arteriovenous capillary anastomoses. Often characterized by multiple tumors resembling cavernous hemangioma (M-8712/0).)
MPATH 243: central nervous system tumor (definition: Neoplasm of the neurones, glia or meninges of the CNS.)MPATH 565: tumors of neurepithelial tissue (definition: Tumors of neuronal and non-neuronal cells derived from embryonic neurepithelium.)
MPATH 249: glioma (definition: Neoplasm derived from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (M-9380/3, M-9440/3).) (comment: Also see comments in: Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])MPATH 244: astrocytoma (definition: Glioma derived from astrocytes, both benign and malignant forms (M-9400/3).) (comment: Also see comments in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[]) (synonym Astrocytic glioma [Pathbase: Curation] ; astroglioma [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 567: pilocytic astrocytoma (definition: Glial cell derived tumor composed of bipolar cells with long `hairlike` GFAP-positive processes. (M9421/1).) (comment: Often cystic in children and generally considered benign.[]) (synonym cystic cerebellar astrocytoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 247: ependymoma (definition: Neoplasm derived from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles and aqueduct of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Malignant or benign. (M-9391/3).) (comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])
MPATH 252: oligodendroglioma (definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived form oligodendrocytes (M-9450/3).) (comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[]) (synonym glioma oligodendritic, malignant [Pathbase: Curation] ; Glioma, oligodendritic, benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 253: sub-ependymoma (definition: Neoplasm derived from sub-ependymal astrocytes (M-9383/1).) (comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])
MPATH 564: glioblastoma (definition: Develop primarily through increasing anaplasia of well differentiated gliomas, mainly astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. Typically large and contain cells of different sizes with irrregular nuclei and atypical mitotic figures. (M-9440/3).) (comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[]) (synonym glioblastoma multiforme [Pathbase: Curation] ; monstrocytoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 568: mixed glioma (definition: Mixed tumor containing astrocytes within an oligodendroglioma or vice versa. In some cases both components may be neoplastic. (M-9382/3).) (comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])
MPATH 373: CNS progenitor tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from neuroepithelial precursors.) (comment: Renamed from neuroepitheliomatous tumor, to reflect primitive origins of this class of tumor.[])MPATH 250: medulloblastoma (definition: Neoplasm derived from the primitive neurectodermal cells of the cerebellum. (M-9470/3). May be considered by some authorities a synonym of PNET in the CNS.) (comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])
MPATH 370: primitive neurectodermal tumor (definition: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are neoplasms derived from primitive neural stem cells either in the CNS or the periphery . These are small-cell, malignant embryonal tumors showing divergent differentiation of variable degree along neuronal, glial, or rarely mesenchymal lines. (M-9473/3, M-9364/3).) (synonym PNET [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 374: esthesioneuroblastoma (definition: A neoplasm of immature, poorly differentiated neuronal cells believed to arise from neuroepithelial precursors in the olfactory epithelium. (M- 9522/3).) (synonym neuroblastoma, olfactory [Pathbase: Curation] ; neuroepithelial carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; neuroepithelioma, olfactory [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 376: neuroblastoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, poorly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type. (M-9500/3).)
MPATH 378: retinoblastoma (definition: Malignant juvenile neoplasm of the eye derived from primitive retinal precursor cells. (M- 9510/3).)
MPATH 566: tumors of the meninges (definition: tumors of the meninges)MPATH 251: meningioma (definition: meningioma) (comment: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the meninges. (M-9530/0).[]) (synonym Sarcoma, meningeal ( sensu malignant tumor) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 254: complex tumor (definition: Tumors showing mutiple histological componants/differentiation.)MPATH 255: adenoacanthoma (definition: Mixed tumor of glandular epithelia with squamous and glandular diffferentiation. (M-8570/3).) (synonym adenoid squamous cell carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 256: carcinosarcoma (definition: Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3).)
MPATH 257: craniopharyngioma (definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm, which may be cystic, developing from the epithelium of Rathke`s pouch and occuring with or close to the pituitary gland. (M-9350/1).) (synonym Erdheim tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; Pituitary adamantinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; pituitary ameloblastoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Rathke pouch tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; suprasellar cyst [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 259: mucoepidermoid carcinoma (definition: Most commonly a salivary gland carcinoma of low grade malignancy composed of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. (M-8430/3).)
MPATH 260: mullerian mixed tumor (definition: Neoplasm usually of the uterus or adnexae containing carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, sometimes with third or fourth components. (M-8950/3).)
MPATH 261: nephroblastoma (definition: Embryonal tumor thought to be derived from metanephric blastema. Mono, bi or triphasic, sometimes with heterotypic differentiation. (M-8960/3).) (synonym nephroma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 262: pulmonary blastoma (definition: A biphasic tumor containing a primitive epithelial component, that may resemble well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma and a primitive mesenchymal stroma, which occasionally has foci of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma or rhadomyosarcoma. (M-8972/3).)
MPATH 263: rhabdoid sarcoma (definition: Sarcomatous tumors, presenting a wide histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical spectrum. M-8963/3.) (synonym Malignant rhabdoid tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 316: mixed germ cell tumor (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the testis/ovary including various elements of germ cell tumors (M-9085/3).) (synonym Mixed teratoma and seminoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 321: teratocarcinoma (definition: Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3).)
MPATH 322: teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Malignant tumors are highly metatstatic. (M-9080/1).)MPATH 718: pre-sacral teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Pre-sacral tumors located in the retrorectal space between the rectum and the sacrococcygeal part of the spine.)
MPATH 721: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Sacrococcygeal tumors are located at the base of the coccyx.)
MPATH 387: odontoma (definition: Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0).)
MPATH 416: angiomyolipoma (definition: Benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Associated with tuberous sclerosis in humans. Aetiology unknown, but the combination of elements may reflect a lesion specific pattern of metaplasia. (M-8860/0).)
MPATH 568: mixed glioma (definition: Mixed tumor containing astrocytes within an oligodendroglioma or vice versa. In some cases both components may be neoplastic. (M-9382/3).) (comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[])
MPATH 264: fibroepithelial tumor (definition: Tumors with epithelial invaginations/linings and a fibrillary and fibrocytic stroma. (M-9000 - M-9030).)
MPATH 265: adenofibroma (definition: A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, predominantly glandular. (M-9013/0).) (synonym Cystadenofibroma [Pathbase: Curation] ; papillary adenofibroma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 266: fibroadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a abundant stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue. (M-9010/0).)
MPATH 445: papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells (M-8050/0).)MPATH 285: intraductal papilloma (definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ).) (synonym Duct adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 443: inverted squamous papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0).) (synonym endophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation] ; invaginated papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 448: squamous cell papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells.) (synonym Exophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 267: glandular tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from glandular epithelial cells.)MPATH 268: adenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells in glandular or glandlike pattern. (M-8140/3).)
MPATH 229: sebaceous adenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3).) (synonym sebaceous carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 269: adenocarcinoma in situ (definition: A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2).)
MPATH 273: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (definition: Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3) 1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification.) (synonym Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 276: cystadenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/3).)MPATH 292: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, eg. Ovary. Consisting of a solid to cystic mass lined with cuboidal pleomorphic epithelial cells producing a mucinous material. (M- 8470/3).)
MPATH 278: follicular adenocarcinoma (definition: Originates in the follicular cells of thyroid follicles. Papillary, solid and follicular forms. (M- 8330/3).) (synonym Follicular carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 282: infiltrating duct carcinoma (definition: Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3).) (synonym duct adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 295: papillary adenocarcinoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/3).)
MPATH 306: signet ring cell carcinoma (definition: Adenocarcinoma of signet ring type arising from exocrine cells of the gastric mucosa or enterocytes of intestinal mucosa. (M-8490/3).) (synonym Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; signet ring cell carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 362: mesonephroma (definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures. (M-9110/3).) (synonym mesonephric adenocarcinoma, wolffian duct carcinoma, mesonephroid tumor [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 363: mesonephric tumor (definition: Tumor beleived to be derived from mesonephric remnants. (M-8310/3).) (synonym mesonephroid clear cell adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 563: mucinous carcinoma (definition: carcinoma derived from gastrointestinal epithelium with a high mucinous content. (M-8480/3).) (synonym mucinous adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 270: adenoma (definition: A benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells may form glands or glandlike structures. In different instances this may remain a benign tumor or progress to malignancy.)
MPATH 224: clear cell hidradenoma (definition: Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 ).) (synonym Eccrine acrospiroma [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodular hidradenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 227: eccrine papillary adenoma (definition: Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma. (M -8408/0).) (synonym benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland, papillary form [Pathbase: Curation] ; Papillary adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 230: sebaceous adenoma (definition: Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0).) (synonym Epithelioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 233: basal cell tumor (definition: Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0).) (synonym basal cell adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Benign basal cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 272: bronchioloalveolar adenoma (definition: Benign epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8140/1) 1.2.1.2 in MMHCC classification.) (synonym Bronchial adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Bronchial adenoma, BA adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 277: cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/0).)
MPATH 279: follicular adenoma (definition: Adenoma derived from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicles. Follicular, paipillary and solid forms. M- 8330/0.)
MPATH 287: islet cell adenoma (definition: Usually pancreatic B cell derived tumors mostly producing insulin. (M- 8150/0).) (synonym Adenoma, endocrine pancreas [Pathbase: Curation] ; adenomatosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; islet (pancreatic) cell tumor benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 293: mucinous cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of mucinous retained secretions are formed. (M-8470/0).)
MPATH 294: myoepithelioma (definition: Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands. (M-8982/0).) (synonym myoepithelial adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 296: papillary adenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/0).)
MPATH 298: papillary cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/0).)
MPATH 302: pituicytoma (definition: Benign tumor derived from the pituicytes ( glial cells of neurohypophysis) (M-8272/0).) (synonym pituitary adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 307: thyroid C-cell adenoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland.) (synonym Adenoma, parafollicular cell [Pathbase: Curation] ; tumor c-cell benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 353: hepatocellular adenoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0).) (synonym hepatic adenoma, benign, liver cell tumor, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; hepatoma, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodule type A [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 490: adenomatous polyp (definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression).) (synonym polypoid adenoma, cellular polyp. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 271: adenomatous polyposis coli (definition: Spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation. Polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis and potentially transform into adenocarcinoma. (M-8220/0).)MPATH 490: adenomatous polyp (definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression).) (synonym polypoid adenoma, cellular polyp. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 275: comedocarcinoma (definition: Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells are present in the ducts. (M -8501/3).)
MPATH 284: intraductal papillary carcinoma (definition: Infiltrating tumor with papillary morphology derived from the breast epithelium (M-8503/3).) (synonym Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 285: intraductal papilloma (definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ).) (synonym Duct adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 286: intraductal papillomatosis (definition: Diffuse multiple adenomatous papillomas derived from the ductal epithelium of the breast. (M- 8505/0).) (synonym Diffuse intraductal papillomatosis [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 285: intraductal papilloma (definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ).) (synonym Duct adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 288: islet cell carcinoma (definition: Rare tumor of the islets of Langerhans, most of which produce insulin. (M- 8150/3).) (synonym Adenocarcinoma, endocrine pancreas [Pathbase: Curation] ; islet cell tumor, malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 289: lobular carcinoma (definition: A form of breast adenocarcinoma derived from lobular cells. (M-8520/3).) (synonym Lobular adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; lobular infiltrating carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 290: lobular carcinoma in situ (definition: Non-infiltrating form of lobular adenocarcinoma derived from the ductal epithelium. (M-8520/2).) (synonym mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 291: medullary carcinoma (definition: Derived from calcitonin-producing cells (thyroid). In humans a type of carcinoma composed of epithelial elements with considerable lymphoid stroma (breast). Not yet reported in mice. (M-8510/3).) (synonym Medullary adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 299: pinealoma (definition: Originating from differentiated cells of the pineal parenchyma. Not to be confused with human pinealoma (syn: germinoma) non-gonadal germ cell tumors found in the pineal believed to be atypical teratomas. May be benign or malignant. If ectopic teratomas/teratocarcinomas use MP322 or MP321. (M-9360/1).)
MPATH 300: pineoblastoma (definition: Malignant neoplasms which arise from pineoblasts, the primitive pineal stem cells. (M-9362/3).) (synonym Mixed pineal tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation [Pathbase: Curation] ; transitional pineal tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 301: pineocytoma (definition: A tumor arising in the pineal gland that resembles normal pineal parenchyma. (M-9361/1).)
MPATH 308: thyroid C-cell carcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. (M-8510/3, M-8345/3).) (synonym Medullary carcinoma, parafollicular cell [Pathbase: Curation] ; tumor c-cell malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 486: ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Pre-malignant hyperplastic and/or dysplastic change in the mammary gland epithelium with the potential to give rise to malignant tumors.) (comment: This term covers the range of DIN (MIN) including severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (IENIII), alternatively termed in situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). See Tavassoli FA. (1998) Mod Pathol. 11:140-54. Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia for further definition.[]) (synonym DIN [Pathbase: Curation] ; Ductal carcinoma in situ [Pathbase: Curation] ; intraductal adenocarcinoma, non-infiltrating [Pathbase: Curation] ; mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; MIN [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 309: gonadal tumor (definition: Germ cell and non-germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary.)MPATH 310: germ cell tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from germ cells. May be gonadal or extragonadal and are derived from primordial germ cells.)
MPATH 312: dysgerminoma (definition: Undifferentiated germ cell tumor of the ovary composed of solid sheets of large polygonal cells with rim of clear cytoplasm (M-9060/3).) (synonym Seminoma (sensu male) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 313: embryonal carcinoma (definition: Germ cell derived malignant neoplasm of the testis or ovary, composed of anaplastic cells with indistinct cellular borders and large ovoid, round, or bean-shaped nuclei that may have large nucleoli. (M-9070/3 ).)
MPATH 314: endodermal sinus tumor (definition: Germ cell derived tumors resembling parietal or visceral yolk sac endoderm derivatives. Abundant eosinophilic matrix surrounding nests and cords of neoplastic cells. (M-9071-3).) (synonym Yolk sac carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 315: gonadoblastoma (definition: Gonadal neoplasms that consist of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements (M-9073/1).) (synonym Gonocytoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 316: mixed germ cell tumor (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the testis/ovary including various elements of germ cell tumors (M-9085/3).) (synonym Mixed teratoma and seminoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 317: seminoma (definition: Tumor derived from spermatogenic cells resembling spermatogenia or spermatocytes. NOS ( M9061/3).) (synonym dysgerminoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Germinoma, malignant [Pathbase: Curation] ; spermatoblastoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; spermatocytoma, malignant. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 319: spermatocytic seminoma (definition: Neoplasm of the testis usually found within the tubule. Some debate as to whether it is of germ cell origin in contrast to classical seminoma. Three types of cells are identified in spermatocytic seminomas: those with small, intermediate, and large nuclei in humans. (M-9063/3).) (synonym Spermatoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 320: struma ovarii (definition: Rare ovarian tumor, regarded as monodermal teratoma, in which thyroid tissue has surpassed the other elements; occasionally associated with hyperthyroidism (M-9090/0).)
MPATH 321: teratocarcinoma (definition: Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3).)
MPATH 322: teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Malignant tumors are highly metatstatic. (M-9080/1).)MPATH 718: pre-sacral teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Pre-sacral tumors located in the retrorectal space between the rectum and the sacrococcygeal part of the spine.)
MPATH 721: Sacrococcygeal teratoma (definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Sacrococcygeal tumors are located at the base of the coccyx.)
MPATH 455: choriocarcinoma (definition: Tumor derived from malignant trophoblastic cells. May be found in the uterus, ovary and testis. May also be derived from teratomas and teratocarcinomas in males. (M-9100/3).) (synonym Chorioepithelioma, malignant. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 323: gonadal somatic cell tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from the non-germ cell derived tissues of the testis and ovary.)MPATH 326: granulosa cell tumor (definition: . Derived from sex cord stromal cells. In male thought to be Sertoli cells. (M- 8620/1).) (synonym gynoblastoma (sensu malignant form in ovary) [Pathbase: Curation] ; Tumor, sex cord stromal, benign, granulosa cell type [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 328: leydig cell tumor (definition: Tumor derived from Leydig cells (M-8650/1).) (synonym Interstitial cell tumor, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; Leydig cell adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 329: luteal cell tumor (definition: Tumor derived from sex cords composed of highly luteinised cells with extensive pale granular cytoplasm. (M- 8610/0).) (synonym luteinised granulosa cell tumor, benign. Gonadal sex cord stromal tumor, benign, luteoma type [Pathbase: Curation] ; Luteoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 331: sertoli cell tumor (definition: Tumor derived from sex cord/stromal cells; Sertoli cells and can occur in both testis and ovary. (M-8640/1).) (synonym Androblastoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; arrhenoblastoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; gonadal stromal tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; sex cord stromal tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; sustentacluar tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 332: sertoli-leydig cell tumor (definition: Tumor of the ovary or testis containing granulosa or theca cell elements with a tubular componant of Sertoli cell type and producing simultaneous androgenic and estrogenic effects. (M-8631/0).) (synonym Gynandroblastoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 334: thecoma (definition: Derived from sex cord stromal cells, spindle shaped cells arranged in whorls or interlacing bundles. (M- 8600/0).) (synonym Fibrothecoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; theca cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 335: hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder (definition: Proliferative disorders and malignancies of the lymphoid and non lymphoid haematopoietic lineages.)MPATH 504: non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas (definition: Solid tumor mass composed of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells.)MPATH 505: granulocytic sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of granulocytic or relatively undifferentiated non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells.)
MPATH 506: histiocytic sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of histiocytic cells (M-9775/3).) (synonym histiocytic lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Kupffer cell sarcoma (sensu liver) [Pathbase: Curation] ; malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type [Pathbase: Curation] ; reticulum cell sarcoma, type A [Pathbase: Curation] ; reticulum cell sarcoma, type A, reticulosarcoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 507: mast cell sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed of mast cells.) (synonym malignant mastocytoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; mast cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; mastocytosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 513: Lymphoid neoplasms (definition: Neoplasms of the B or T cell lineage.)MPATH 516: B-cell neoplasms (definition: Neoplasm of the B cell lymphoid lineage.)
MPATH 519: Mature B-cell neoplasms (definition: Lymphomas originating in peripheral B cells.)MPATH 520: small B-cell lymphoma (definition: Diffuse accumulation of small mature B-cells.) (synonym small lymphocytic lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 522: follicular B cell lymphoma (definition: A lymphoid proliferation composed of a mixture of centroblasts and centrocytes that may or may not have a nodular(follicular)pattern. The follicular dendritic cell network is not present, unlike in the human. The equivalent typical translocation (Chr. 14:18 )seen in humans has not been reported in the mouse.) (synonym centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; follicular center cell lymphoma, small cell or mixed [Pathbase: Curation] ; follicular lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 530: Plasma cell neoplasms (definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Includes the equivalent of human myeloma (ICD-O 9732/3).) (synonym Myeloma ( human ) [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 532: plasmacytoma (definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition.) (comment: Tissue, usually lymph nodes, that contain unusually large numbers of normal appearing plasma cells. While these may be plasmacytomas, additional work is needed to confirm this latter diagnosis.[])MPATH 533: extraosseous plasmacytoma (definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Frequently found in IL6 transgenic mice. Characteristically involves spleen and nodes rather than peritoneum.)
MPATH 531: B-natural killer cell lymphoma (definition: Unusual lymphoma type described in thymectomised (SL/Kh x AKR/Ms) F1 mice. No equivalent found in human to date. See reference for detailed phenotype.)
MPATH 515: Non-Lymphoid neoplasias (definition: Hematological neoplasias of non-lymphoid origin.)MPATH 496: Non-Lymphoid leukaemias (definition: Neoplasms of non-lymphoid haematopoietic lineage. Must have at least 20% blast cells to meet this definition.)
MPATH 342: myeloid leukaemia (definition: Leukaemias of the myeloid lineage.) (synonym granulocytic leukaemia [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 497: myeloid leukaemia without maturation (definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly differentiated and not monocytic. At least 90% of the cells have to be blasts.) (synonym myeloblastic leukaemia without maturation [Pathbase: Curation] ; myeloid leukaemia (myeloblastic type) [Pathbase: Curation] ; poorly differentiated myeloid leukaemia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 498: myeloid leukaemia with maturation (definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic but not monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts.) (synonym myeloblastic laeukaemia with maturation [Pathbase: Curation] ; poorly differentiated myeloid leukaemia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 500: myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukaemia (definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are well differentiated and in which there are fewer than 20% blasts.) (synonym myeloid leukaemia, chonic type [Pathbase: Curation] ; well differentiated myeloid leukaemia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 501: myelomonocytic leukaemia (definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic and a monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts.) (synonym myeloid leukaemia, myelomonocytic type [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 502: monocytic leukaemia (definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly or moderately differentiated with a monocytic but no neutrophilic component. At least 20% of the cells must be blasts.)
MPATH 595: extramedullary hemopoiesis (definition: The formation of and development of blood cells outside the red pulp of the spleen. Composed of varying numbers of megakaryocytes as well as myeloid and erythroid precursors.) (comment: Production of blood cells in tissues other than the bone marrow. In the mouse, this is usually the liver.[])
MPATH 618: myeloid hyperplasia (definition: Hyperplasia of myeloid lineage, usually in the spleen.) (comment: Myeloid hyperplasia ia a common diagnosis in mouse spleen. In the normal mouse spleen, a low degree of production of myeloid cells occurs (neutrophils, erythroid cells and megakaryocytes). Commonly in aging mice, due to tumors and inflammatory lesions, the mouse myeloid system in bone marrow and spleen react and become hyperplastic. In the spleen it is diagnosed as myeloid hyperplasia (MH), in the past it was often extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is still used by some but it is normal to a low degree in normal mouse spleen.[])
MPATH 351: thymoma (definition: A neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated; occasionally invasive, but metastases are rare; histologically, consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. (M-8580/1).)
MPATH 352: hepatic tumor (definition: Tumors of the liver and biliary apparatus.)MPATH 353: hepatocellular adenoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0).) (synonym hepatic adenoma, benign, liver cell tumor, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; hepatoma, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodule type A [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 355: cholangiofibroma (definition: Develops from cholangiofibrosis, fibrosis of the biliary ducts and is only potentially malignant.)
MPATH 356: hepatoblastoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the liver of unknown origin . Liver blastemal cells, neoplastic hepatocytes, oval cells and biliary epithelial cells have been proposed. (M- 8970/3).) (synonym embryonal hepatoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; tumor, mixed, poorly differentiated [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 357: hepatocellular carcinoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/3).) (synonym carcinoma, trabecular [Pathbase: Curation] ; carcinoma, trabecular (liver) [Pathbase: Curation] ; hepatoma, malignant [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodule type B [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 543: cholangioma (definition: Benign neoplasm of the biliary duct. Occurs in solid and cystic forms. (M-8160/0).)
MPATH 365: mesothelioma (definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum, composed of spindle cells or fibrous tissue which may enclose glandlike spaces lined by cuboidal cells. Epithelioid, fibrous, cystis, papillary, and sarcomatoid variants. (M- 9050/3).)
MPATH 366: neuroendocrine tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from the neuroendocrine system.)MPATH 367: carcinoid tumor (definition: Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derived from primitive stem cells. Found predominantly in the lung and gut they are capable of secreting a large range of substances and have a number of histological subtypes. May resemble but are distinct from small cell lung carcinoma in the lung. (M-8240/3).)
MPATH 371: small cell carcinoma (definition: Neuroendocrine cell derived anaplastic carcinoma composed of small cells, usually of the lung producing a variety of peptide hormones. (M-8041/3). 1.2.3.4 of MMHCC classification.) (comment: see: Meuwissen, R., Linn, S.C., Linnoila, R.I. et al. (2003) Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model. Cancer cell, 4: 181-189. AND Calbo, J., Meuwissen, R., van Montfort, E. et al. (2005) Genotype-phenotype relationships in a mouse model for human small-cell lung cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology, 70: 225-232. AND Meuwissen, R. and Berns, A. (2005) Mouse models for human lung cancer. Genes & development, 19: 643-664.[]) (synonym oat cell carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 372: tumorlet (definition: Small disseminated foci of atypical bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Benign. (M- 8040/1).)
MPATH 377: pheochromocytoma (definition: A catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla. May be benign or malignant. . (M- 8510/3). [Pathbase: Pathology Committee])
MPATH 398: paragangliomas and glomus tumor (definition: Generally benign neoplasms of CHIEF cells arising from neuroectodermal tissues, found in various parts of the body. Note that until recently, glomus tumors were believed to be derived from specialised vascular cells, which is incorrect. Paraganglioma is the preferred term.The nomenclature for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is inconsistent. The term paraganglioma is used to refer to any extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglion system or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system. Functional tumors are referred extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma.)MPATH 399: aortic body tumor (definition: Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the aortic body (M-8691/1).) (synonym aortic body paraganglioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 400: carotid body tumor (definition: Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the carotid body (M-8692/1).) (synonym carotid body paraganglioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 401: glomus jugulare tumor (definition: A glomus tumor arising from the chief cells of the paraganglia ( neurectodermal derivatives) , or glomus bodies, located within the wall (adventitia) of the jugular bulb. (8690/1).)
MPATH 403: paraganglioma (definition: A neoplasm composed of derivatives of CHIEF cells usually in single encapsulated nodular masses surrounded with sustentacular cells. ( M- 8711/0).) (synonym chemodectomas [Pathbase: Curation] ; glomus tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; non-chromaffin paragangliomas [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 379: odontogenic tumor (definition: Neoplasm arising from the tissues of the odontogenic apparatus. These tumors are derived from ectodermal tissue (epithelial tumors) or from mesodermal tissue (connective tissue tumors) or are composed of both components (mixed or composite odontogenic tumors) .)MPATH 380: ameloblastic fibroma (definition: A tumor consisting of proliferating strands and clumps of odontogenic epithelium in a highly cellular fibroblastic stroma resembling the dental papilla of developing teeth. The epithelial component are composed of peripheral cuboidal or cylindrical cells enclosing scant stellate cells. (M-9330/0).)
MPATH 381: ameloblastoma (definition: Benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that histologically mimics the embryonic enamel organ but does not differentiate to the point of forming dental hard tissue. Histologically dominated by epithelial cells in a scant fibroblastic stroma. (M-9310/0).)
MPATH 382: cementifying fibroma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal cells or cementoblasts. Well demarcated tumor occurring exclusively in the jaw containing spindle cells which undergo transformation to cuboidal cementoblasts forming multiple cementicle like bodies. ( M-9274/0).) (synonym ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 383: cementoblastoma (definition: A neoplasm arising from the periodontal ligament (M-9273/0).) (synonym True cementoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 384: cementoma (definition: Reactive fibro-osseous lesion derived from odotongenic cells in the periodontal ligament (M-9272/0).)
MPATH 385: dentinoma (definition: Similar lesion to ameloblastic fibroma (MPATH380) , but also showing inductive changes that lead to the formation of dentine (M-9271/0).) (synonym ameloblastic fibrodentinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 387: odontoma (definition: Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0).)
MPATH 388: osseous and chondromatous tumor (definition: Neoplasms of bone and cartilage.)MPATH 389: chondroblastoma (definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm occuring in the epiphyses of long bones, consisting of highly cellular tissue resembling embryonic cartilage. (M-9230/0, /3).)
MPATH 391: chondroma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage (M-9220/0).)
MPATH 392: chondrosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form pluripotential mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes or chondroblasts. No production of osteoid. (M-9220/3).)
MPATH 393: osteoblastoma (definition: Generally benign osteogenic neoplasm of unknown aetiology. Aggressive form may be confused with osteosarcoma. NOT a syn for osteofibroma. (M-9200/0).) (synonym giant osteoid osteoma, benign osteoblastoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 394: osteochondroma (definition: Benign bone tumor characterized by hyaline cartilage capped bony growths that project from the surface of the affected bone. (M-9210/0).) (synonym cartilaginous exostosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 395: osteofibroma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts composed of mature nbone trabelculae seperated by a stroma of spindle cells. (M- 9262/0).)
MPATH 396: osteoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from osteoblasts or osteocytes composed of very dense bone with predominantly woven structure. ( M-9180/0).) (synonym cancellous osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; compact osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; juxtacortical osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; medullary osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; osteoid osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; spongious osteoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; trabecular osteoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 397: osteosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts or osteocytes. Highly invasive and destructive tumor rising in the skeleton with osteoid and immature woven bone. (M-9180/3).) (synonym osteogenic sarcoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 572: ossifying fibroma (definition: Ossifying fibromas are benign tumors derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts. Occur spontaneously or in response to radiation. Preferentially located in mandible, maxilla and caudal spine. Composed of a characteristically regular trabecular bone pattern embedded in a fibrous stroma. Proliferating component consists of spindle cells which give rise to cuboidal osteoblasts to form rounded bodies or trabeculae. Bone trabeculae resemble the alphabet soup shapes characteristic of fibrous dysplasia in humans. In contrast to fibrous dysplasia the bone trabeculae of ossifying fibroma are mostly lamellar and ringed by active osteoblasts.)
MPATH 404: soft tissue tumor (definition: Neoplasms of the soft and connective tissues.)MPATH 405: chordoma (definition: Believed to arise from primitive notochord remnants . Usually occurs along the axial skeleton and is characterised by the presence of bubble cells containing large unstained cytoplasmic vacuoles with central or eccentricc nuclei. Benign but locally invasive. (M-9370/3).)
MPATH 406: dermatofibrosarcoma (definition: Highly recurrent, infiltrative skin tumors of intermediate malignancy derived from fibroblasts/fibrocytes. Human condition dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (M-8832/3).)
MPATH 407: fibroma (definition: Benign neoplasm of fibroblasts/fibrocytes with poor/moderate cellularity. (M-8810/0).) (comment: Soft tissue qualifier removed by Pathology Panel to increase scope of term.[])MPATH 723: fibromatosis (definition: Systemic manifestation of MPATH: 407.) (synonym Musculoaponeurotic Fibromatosis ; Aggressive Fibromatosis ; Desmoid Tumor EXACT ; Plantar Fibromatosis (Ledderhose Disease) )
MPATH 823: myxofibroma (definition: A benign neoplasm characterized by mucous and fibroblastic tissues.) (synonym fibroma myxomatodes. ; Fibromyxoma EXACT)
MPATH 824: myofibroma (definition: A benign localized neoplasm arising from the subcutaneous tissues and skeletal muscle. It is characterized by the presence of myofibroblastic hyperchromatic spindle cells, hylanized stroma formation, calcification, necrosis, and a multinodular growth pattern.) (synonym Solitary Myofibromatosis )
MPATH 408: soft tissue fibrosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells; fibroblasts, fibrocytes (M-8810/3).) (synonym fibrosarcoma EXACT)
MPATH 409: fibrous histiocytoma (definition: Benign or maligant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells showing fibrous and histiocytic differentiation (M-8830/0).)
MPATH 410: giant cell tumor of soft tissue (definition: Malignant or benign tumor of pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells giving rise to large multinucleated cells (M- 9251/1).) (synonym giant cell fibrous histiocytoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 412: alveolar soft part sarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin though probably myogenic due to expression of MyoD and other myogenic lineage markers. Consists of grouped polygonal tumor cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in an organ-like configuration separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Central areas within these nests of cells become necrotic, and the loss of architecture produces an alveolar appearance. (M-9581/3).)
MPATH 415: lipomatous tumor (definition: Tumors derived from the lipogenic lineage or showing predominantly lipomatous differentiation.)MPATH 416: angiomyolipoma (definition: Benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Associated with tuberous sclerosis in humans. Aetiology unknown, but the combination of elements may reflect a lesion specific pattern of metaplasia. (M-8860/0).)
MPATH 417: lipoma (definition: Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous. (M- 8850/0).)
MPATH 418: liposarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasms which probably originate in primitive mesenchymal stem cell populations differentiating down a lipomatous pathway. (M-8850/3).)
MPATH 419: lymphatic vessel tumor (definition: Neoplasms of the lymphatic vessels.)MPATH 420: lymphangioma (definition: Benign hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic ducts. Usually found in the skin and may be superficial or deep. (M-9170/0).) (synonym Hygroma BROAD[ISBN:0-19-261976-4])MPATH 804: cavernous lymphangioma (definition: Large numbers of thin-walled dilated lymphatic channels situated in the dermis, subcutis or skeletal muscle.) (comment: This is a developmental malformation[])
MPATH 805: cystic hygroma (definition: Variant of cavernous lymphangioma (MPATH:804) showing gross dilatation of lymphatic channels.) (synonym Cystic lymphangioma. )
MPATH 806: lymphangioma circumscriptum (definition: Cutaneous grouped collection of thin-walled translucent vessels, which appear at birth or in early infancy and are commonest around the limb girdles.) (comment: Generally believed to represent a developmental defect but may be associated with surgery.[])
MPATH 421: lymphangiomyomatosis (definition: Characterized by benign peribronchial, perivascular, and perilymphatic proliferation of atypical smooth muscle resulting in vascular and airway obstruction, cyst formation, and a progressive decline in lung function. (M- 9174/1).) (synonym Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 422: lymphangiosarcoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from vascular tissue in which the neoplastic cells originate from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. (M-9170/3).)
MPATH 423: myomatous tumor (definition: Neoplasms derived from myogenic lineages or predominantly composed of cells showing myomatous differentiation.)MPATH 413: granular cell tumor (definition: Large polygonal or round cell tumors with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm containing PAS positive granules. Found especially in the uterine cervix. Aetiology unknown. (M-9580/0).) (synonym myoblastoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 426: leiomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived form pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or smooth muscle cells. (M- 8890/3).)
MPATH 428: rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. (M-8900/3).)MPATH 709: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells composed mainly of small round cells, with some partial skeletal muscle differentiation.)
MPATH 710: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant mesenchymal tumor that morphologically and phenotypically resembles embryonal skeletal muscle.) (comment: Includes spindle cell, botryoid, anaplastic.[]) (synonym Rhabdopoietic Sarcoma ; Sarcoma Botryoides [][Soft Tissues] ; Embryonal Sarcoma ; Malignant Rhabdomyoma ; Myosarcoma EXACT)
MPATH 722: rhabdomyoma (definition: Benign stromal tumors of the soft tissue with skeletal muscle differentiation.) (comment: Adult and fetal types.[])
MPATH 429: myxomatous tumor (definition: Neoplasms resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue with a soft mucous matrix.)MPATH 430: angiomyxoma (definition: Angiomyxoma is a poorly circumscribed, slowly growing lesion composed of spindle-shaped and stellate cells evenly distributed in an abundant myxoid matrix. The lesion contains numerous vessels, often showing some hyalinization of their walls, and occasionally surrounded by a few smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells may express desmin and/ or smooth muscle actin (M-8841/1).)
MPATH 431: myxoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. May show multiple differentiated components. (M-8840/0).)
MPATH 432: myxosarcoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. (M-8840/3).)
MPATH 433: nerve sheath tumor (definition: Neoplasms of the nerve sheath.)MPATH 435: neurofibroma (definition: Peripheral nerve tumor consisting of chaotic arrays of wavy schwann cell bundles and fibroblasts interspersed within a matrix rich in collagen and mucopolysaccharide. (M9540/0).)
MPATH 437: neurofibrosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3).) (synonym malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 438: schwannoma (definition: May be malignant or benign, Schwann cell derived tumor considered to be neurectodermal with some acquired mesenchymal features. (M-9560/0).) (synonym neurilemoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; neurinoma, benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 439: synovial-like tumor (definition: Neoplasms of synovial origin.)MPATH 440: synovial sarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm occurring in close association with tendon sheaths and joint capsules. Biphasic in humans , showing a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid like morphology; this is not seen in rodents to date. (M-9040/3).) (synonym Synovial cell sarcoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 442: squamous cell tumor (definition: Neoplasms of stratified squamous epithelial cells.)MPATH 443: inverted squamous papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0).) (synonym endophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation] ; invaginated papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 444: keratoacanthoma (definition: Skin type is thought to arise from follicular epithelium of hair follicles; found in other epithelia. Composed of multiple cup shaped cavities filled with lamellated concentrically arranged or homogeneous cornified masses.) (synonym epithelioma, intracutaneous, cornifying [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 446: squamous cell carcinoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3).) (synonym carcinoma, epidermoid ( sensu epidermal derived tumors) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 447: squamous cell carcinoma in situ (definition: Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2).) (synonym IENIII [Pathbase: Curation] ; severe intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 448: squamous cell papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells.) (synonym Exophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 454: trophoblastic tumor (definition: Tumors derived directly from trophoblastic tissue or differentiated from germ cell tumor origins.)MPATH 455: choriocarcinoma (definition: Tumor derived from malignant trophoblastic cells. May be found in the uterus, ovary and testis. May also be derived from teratomas and teratocarcinomas in males. (M-9100/3).) (synonym Chorioepithelioma, malignant. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 456: hydatidiform mole (definition: Vesicular or cystic tumor with hydropic villi resulting from the proliferation of trophoblast in the absence ( complete) or the presence ( partial) of an embryo. Most complete moles are homozygous androgenetic XX 46.(M-9100/0).) (synonym cystic mole [Pathbase: Curation] ; gestational trophoblastic disease [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 549: carcinoma (definition: Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma).)
MPATH 256: carcinosarcoma (definition: Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3).)
MPATH 268: adenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells in glandular or glandlike pattern. (M-8140/3).)
MPATH 229: sebaceous adenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3).) (synonym sebaceous carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 269: adenocarcinoma in situ (definition: A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2).)
MPATH 273: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (definition: Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3) 1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification.) (synonym Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 276: cystadenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/3).)MPATH 292: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, eg. Ovary. Consisting of a solid to cystic mass lined with cuboidal pleomorphic epithelial cells producing a mucinous material. (M- 8470/3).)
MPATH 278: follicular adenocarcinoma (definition: Originates in the follicular cells of thyroid follicles. Papillary, solid and follicular forms. (M- 8330/3).) (synonym Follicular carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 282: infiltrating duct carcinoma (definition: Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3).) (synonym duct adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 295: papillary adenocarcinoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/3).)
MPATH 306: signet ring cell carcinoma (definition: Adenocarcinoma of signet ring type arising from exocrine cells of the gastric mucosa or enterocytes of intestinal mucosa. (M-8490/3).) (synonym Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; signet ring cell carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 362: mesonephroma (definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures. (M-9110/3).) (synonym mesonephric adenocarcinoma, wolffian duct carcinoma, mesonephroid tumor [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 363: mesonephric tumor (definition: Tumor beleived to be derived from mesonephric remnants. (M-8310/3).) (synonym mesonephroid clear cell adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 563: mucinous carcinoma (definition: carcinoma derived from gastrointestinal epithelium with a high mucinous content. (M-8480/3).) (synonym mucinous adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 273: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (definition: Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3) 1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification.) (synonym Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, bronchioalveolar carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 275: comedocarcinoma (definition: Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells are present in the ducts. (M -8501/3).)
MPATH 282: infiltrating duct carcinoma (definition: Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3).) (synonym duct adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 284: intraductal papillary carcinoma (definition: Infiltrating tumor with papillary morphology derived from the breast epithelium (M-8503/3).) (synonym Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 288: islet cell carcinoma (definition: Rare tumor of the islets of Langerhans, most of which produce insulin. (M- 8150/3).) (synonym Adenocarcinoma, endocrine pancreas [Pathbase: Curation] ; islet cell tumor, malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 289: lobular carcinoma (definition: A form of breast adenocarcinoma derived from lobular cells. (M-8520/3).) (synonym Lobular adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; lobular infiltrating carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 291: medullary carcinoma (definition: Derived from calcitonin-producing cells (thyroid). In humans a type of carcinoma composed of epithelial elements with considerable lymphoid stroma (breast). Not yet reported in mice. (M-8510/3).) (synonym Medullary adenocarcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 308: thyroid C-cell carcinoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. (M-8510/3, M-8345/3).) (synonym Medullary carcinoma, parafollicular cell [Pathbase: Curation] ; tumor c-cell malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 313: embryonal carcinoma (definition: Germ cell derived malignant neoplasm of the testis or ovary, composed of anaplastic cells with indistinct cellular borders and large ovoid, round, or bean-shaped nuclei that may have large nucleoli. (M-9070/3 ).)
MPATH 314: endodermal sinus tumor (definition: Germ cell derived tumors resembling parietal or visceral yolk sac endoderm derivatives. Abundant eosinophilic matrix surrounding nests and cords of neoplastic cells. (M-9071-3).) (synonym Yolk sac carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 320: struma ovarii (definition: Rare ovarian tumor, regarded as monodermal teratoma, in which thyroid tissue has surpassed the other elements; occasionally associated with hyperthyroidism (M-9090/0).)
MPATH 321: teratocarcinoma (definition: Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3).)
MPATH 357: hepatocellular carcinoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/3).) (synonym carcinoma, trabecular [Pathbase: Curation] ; carcinoma, trabecular (liver) [Pathbase: Curation] ; hepatoma, malignant [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodule type B [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 371: small cell carcinoma (definition: Neuroendocrine cell derived anaplastic carcinoma composed of small cells, usually of the lung producing a variety of peptide hormones. (M-8041/3). 1.2.3.4 of MMHCC classification.) (comment: see: Meuwissen, R., Linn, S.C., Linnoila, R.I. et al. (2003) Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model. Cancer cell, 4: 181-189. AND Calbo, J., Meuwissen, R., van Montfort, E. et al. (2005) Genotype-phenotype relationships in a mouse model for human small-cell lung cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology, 70: 225-232. AND Meuwissen, R. and Berns, A. (2005) Mouse models for human lung cancer. Genes & development, 19: 643-664.[]) (synonym oat cell carcinoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 446: squamous cell carcinoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3).) (synonym carcinoma, epidermoid ( sensu epidermal derived tumors) [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 551: sarcoma (definition: A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells.)MPATH 242: hemangiosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells of blood vessels. (M-9120/3).) (synonym hemangioendothelioma malignant, angiosarcoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; hemangioendothelioma malignant. [Pathbase: Curation] ; Hemangioma malignant [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 256: carcinosarcoma (definition: Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3).)
MPATH 263: rhabdoid sarcoma (definition: Sarcomatous tumors, presenting a wide histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical spectrum. M-8963/3.) (synonym Malignant rhabdoid tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 406: dermatofibrosarcoma (definition: Highly recurrent, infiltrative skin tumors of intermediate malignancy derived from fibroblasts/fibrocytes. Human condition dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (M-8832/3).)
MPATH 407: fibroma (definition: Benign neoplasm of fibroblasts/fibrocytes with poor/moderate cellularity. (M-8810/0).) (comment: Soft tissue qualifier removed by Pathology Panel to increase scope of term.[])MPATH 723: fibromatosis (definition: Systemic manifestation of MPATH: 407.) (synonym Musculoaponeurotic Fibromatosis ; Aggressive Fibromatosis ; Desmoid Tumor EXACT ; Plantar Fibromatosis (Ledderhose Disease) )
MPATH 823: myxofibroma (definition: A benign neoplasm characterized by mucous and fibroblastic tissues.) (synonym fibroma myxomatodes. ; Fibromyxoma EXACT)
MPATH 824: myofibroma (definition: A benign localized neoplasm arising from the subcutaneous tissues and skeletal muscle. It is characterized by the presence of myofibroblastic hyperchromatic spindle cells, hylanized stroma formation, calcification, necrosis, and a multinodular growth pattern.) (synonym Solitary Myofibromatosis )
MPATH 408: soft tissue fibrosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells; fibroblasts, fibrocytes (M-8810/3).) (synonym fibrosarcoma EXACT)
MPATH 412: alveolar soft part sarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin though probably myogenic due to expression of MyoD and other myogenic lineage markers. Consists of grouped polygonal tumor cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in an organ-like configuration separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Central areas within these nests of cells become necrotic, and the loss of architecture produces an alveolar appearance. (M-9581/3).)
MPATH 418: liposarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasms which probably originate in primitive mesenchymal stem cell populations differentiating down a lipomatous pathway. (M-8850/3).)
MPATH 422: lymphangiosarcoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from vascular tissue in which the neoplastic cells originate from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. (M-9170/3).)
MPATH 426: leiomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor derived form pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or smooth muscle cells. (M- 8890/3).)
MPATH 428: rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. (M-8900/3).)MPATH 709: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells composed mainly of small round cells, with some partial skeletal muscle differentiation.)
MPATH 710: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (definition: Malignant mesenchymal tumor that morphologically and phenotypically resembles embryonal skeletal muscle.) (comment: Includes spindle cell, botryoid, anaplastic.[]) (synonym Rhabdopoietic Sarcoma ; Sarcoma Botryoides [][Soft Tissues] ; Embryonal Sarcoma ; Malignant Rhabdomyoma ; Myosarcoma EXACT)
MPATH 432: myxosarcoma (definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. (M-8840/3).)
MPATH 437: neurofibrosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3).) (synonym malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 440: synovial sarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm occurring in close association with tendon sheaths and joint capsules. Biphasic in humans , showing a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid like morphology; this is not seen in rodents to date. (M-9040/3).) (synonym Synovial cell sarcoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 504: non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas (definition: Solid tumor mass composed of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells.)MPATH 505: granulocytic sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of granulocytic or relatively undifferentiated non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells.)
MPATH 506: histiocytic sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of histiocytic cells (M-9775/3).) (synonym histiocytic lymphoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Kupffer cell sarcoma (sensu liver) [Pathbase: Curation] ; malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type [Pathbase: Curation] ; reticulum cell sarcoma, type A [Pathbase: Curation] ; reticulum cell sarcoma, type A, reticulosarcoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 507: mast cell sarcoma (definition: Solid tumor mass composed of mast cells.) (synonym malignant mastocytoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; mast cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation] ; mastocytosis [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 556: potentially cancerous lesions (definition: Lesions which in some cases have the potential to become progressively growing malignant tumors.)MPATH 128: intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Non-invasive changes characterized by alteration in the size, shape and organization of the cellular components of an epithelial tissue. Do not confuse with developmental dysplasia MPATH:64.) (comment: This term has been previously used as a synonym for pre-malignant dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and is now to be preferred.[]) (synonym intra-epithelial lesion [Pathbase: Curation])MPATH 130: mild intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Mild non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone.) (synonym IENI [Pathbase: Curation] ; low grade
intraepithelial lesion [Pathbase: Curation] ; mild epithelial dysplasia. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 131: moderate intra-epithelial epithelial neoplasia (definition: Moderate non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone.) (synonym high grade intraepithelial lesion [Pathbase: Curation] ; IENII [Pathbase: Curation] ; moderate epithelial dysplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 132: severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Severe non-invasive malignancy associated changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone.) (comment: Carcinoma in situ may be used in some systems as a synonym.[]) (synonym carcinoma in situ [Pathbase: Curation] ; high grade intra-epithelial lesion [Pathbase: Curation] ; IENIII [Pathbase: Curation] ; severe epithelial dysplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 487: intestinal intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Histologically apparent areas of dysplasia that are not grossly visible (smaller than 0.5-1 mm). Lesions may involve single or multiple glands.) (synonym GIN [Pathbase: Curation] ; IIN [Pathbase: Curation] ; microadenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 151: actinic keratosis (definition: Discrete, flat or elevated, verrucous, keratotic lesions. Epidermal changes are characterized by acanthosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratoses. Dysplastic change is present and the keratinocytes vary in size and shape. Associated with UV exposure in humans. Not defined in mice to date.)
MPATH 269: adenocarcinoma in situ (definition: A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2).)
MPATH 270: adenoma (definition: A benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells may form glands or glandlike structures. In different instances this may remain a benign tumor or progress to malignancy.)
MPATH 224: clear cell hidradenoma (definition: Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 ).) (synonym Eccrine acrospiroma [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodular hidradenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 227: eccrine papillary adenoma (definition: Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma. (M -8408/0).) (synonym benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland, papillary form [Pathbase: Curation] ; Papillary adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 230: sebaceous adenoma (definition: Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0).) (synonym Epithelioma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 233: basal cell tumor (definition: Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0).) (synonym basal cell adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Benign basal cell tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 272: bronchioloalveolar adenoma (definition: Benign epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8140/1) 1.2.1.2 in MMHCC classification.) (synonym Bronchial adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; Bronchial adenoma, BA adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 277: cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/0).)
MPATH 279: follicular adenoma (definition: Adenoma derived from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicles. Follicular, paipillary and solid forms. M- 8330/0.)
MPATH 287: islet cell adenoma (definition: Usually pancreatic B cell derived tumors mostly producing insulin. (M- 8150/0).) (synonym Adenoma, endocrine pancreas [Pathbase: Curation] ; adenomatosis [Pathbase: Curation] ; islet (pancreatic) cell tumor benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 293: mucinous cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of mucinous retained secretions are formed. (M-8470/0).)
MPATH 294: myoepithelioma (definition: Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands. (M-8982/0).) (synonym myoepithelial adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 296: papillary adenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/0).)
MPATH 298: papillary cystadenoma (definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/0).)
MPATH 302: pituicytoma (definition: Benign tumor derived from the pituicytes ( glial cells of neurohypophysis) (M-8272/0).) (synonym pituitary adenoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 307: thyroid C-cell adenoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland.) (synonym Adenoma, parafollicular cell [Pathbase: Curation] ; tumor c-cell benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 353: hepatocellular adenoma (definition: Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0).) (synonym hepatic adenoma, benign, liver cell tumor, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; hepatoma, benign [Pathbase: Curation] ; nodule type A [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 490: adenomatous polyp (definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression).) (synonym polypoid adenoma, cellular polyp. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 271: adenomatous polyposis coli (definition: Spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation. Polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis and potentially transform into adenocarcinoma. (M-8220/0).)MPATH 490: adenomatous polyp (definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression).) (synonym polypoid adenoma, cellular polyp. [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 290: lobular carcinoma in situ (definition: Non-infiltrating form of lobular adenocarcinoma derived from the ductal epithelium. (M-8520/2).) (synonym mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 360: melanoma in situ (definition: A potentially malignant lesion, melanoma in situ is the first phase of growth of melanoma, in which it is still confined to the epithelial domain (epidermis and adnexa) and has not passed through the basement membrane. (M-8720/2).) (synonym level I melanoma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 445: papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells (M-8050/0).)MPATH 285: intraductal papilloma (definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ).) (synonym Duct adenoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; ductal papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 443: inverted squamous papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0).) (synonym endophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation] ; invaginated papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 448: squamous cell papilloma (definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells.) (synonym Exophytic papilloma [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 447: squamous cell carcinoma in situ (definition: Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2).) (synonym IENIII [Pathbase: Curation] ; severe intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 486: ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia (definition: Pre-malignant hyperplastic and/or dysplastic change in the mammary gland epithelium with the potential to give rise to malignant tumors.) (comment: This term covers the range of DIN (MIN) including severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (IENIII), alternatively termed in situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). See Tavassoli FA. (1998) Mod Pathol. 11:140-54. Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia for further definition.[]) (synonym DIN [Pathbase: Curation] ; Ductal carcinoma in situ [Pathbase: Curation] ; intraductal adenocarcinoma, non-infiltrating [Pathbase: Curation] ; mammary intra-epithelial neoplasia [Pathbase: Curation] ; MIN [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 617: focus of cellular alteration (definition: Focal lesions of hepatocytes characterised primarily by altered cytoplasmic tinctorial properties. Classified as basophilic, eosinophilic, clear cell or mixed type.) (comment: More recently amphophilic cell foci, diffusely basophilic cell foci and vacuolated cell foci have been described.[]) (synonym Areas of cellular alteration [Pathbase: Curation] ; Enzyme altered focus [Pathbase: Curation] ; Focus of altered hepatocytes (fah) [Pathbase: Curation] ; Hyperplastic focus [Pathbase: Curation] ; Phenotypically altered focus [Pathbase: Curation] ; Preneoplastic focus [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 570: peripheral nervous system tumors (definition: Tumors of the peripheral nervous system.)MPATH 370: primitive neurectodermal tumor (definition: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are neoplasms derived from primitive neural stem cells either in the CNS or the periphery . These are small-cell, malignant embryonal tumors showing divergent differentiation of variable degree along neuronal, glial, or rarely mesenchymal lines. (M-9473/3, M-9364/3).) (synonym PNET [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 375: ganglioneuroma (definition: A benign neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic neurons scattered singly or in clumps within a relatively abundant and dense stroma of neurofibrils and collagenous fibers. (M-9490/0).)
MPATH 433: nerve sheath tumor (definition: Neoplasms of the nerve sheath.)MPATH 435: neurofibroma (definition: Peripheral nerve tumor consisting of chaotic arrays of wavy schwann cell bundles and fibroblasts interspersed within a matrix rich in collagen and mucopolysaccharide. (M9540/0).)
MPATH 437: neurofibrosarcoma (definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3).) (synonym malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 438: schwannoma (definition: May be malignant or benign, Schwann cell derived tumor considered to be neurectodermal with some acquired mesenchymal features. (M-9560/0).) (synonym neurilemoma [Pathbase: Curation] ; neurinoma, benign [Pathbase: Curation])
MPATH 607: healing and repair structure (definition: Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage.)MPATH 183: granulation tissue (definition: Newly formed connective (vascular or fibrous)tissue caused by inflammation or healing (repair) processes. Microscopically consists of capillaries fibroblastic cells and inflammatory cells.)
MPATH 591: fatty infiltration (definition: Accumulation of mature adipose tissue in a healing wound site or otherwise in response to tissue damage.)
MPATH 608: abscess (definition: A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation.) (comment: Generally occur following damage or infection with subsequent inflammatory response. Result of the body`s defensive reaction to foreign material.[])
MPATH 609: empyema (definition: Pus in a body cavity; when used without qualification, refers specifically to pyothorax.)