!autogenerated-by: Pathbase version 2.2 !saved-by: mgruenb !date: Tue Dec 31 09:57:21 UTC 2024 !version: $Revision: 3.0 $ !MPATH Pathology definitions ! term: cell and tissue damage goid: MPATH:1 definition: The sum of morphological and functional disturbances induced by cell and tissue damage, either from intrinsic gene dysfunction or as a result of external factors. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:1 term: gangrene goid: MPATH:10 definition: Extensive necrosis from whatever cause, often following chronic ischemia. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:10 term: placental abnormality goid: MPATH:100 definition: Defect in placental growth, differentiation of circulation; maternal or embryonic component. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:100 term: glycogen cell defect goid: MPATH:101 definition: Lack of, displacement of, or abnormality in function or growth of the glycogen cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:101 term: labyrinth zone defect goid: MPATH:102 definition: Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the labyrinthine zone of the placenta. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:102 term: placental vascular defect goid: MPATH:103 definition: Any defect in the maternal or embryonic placental circulation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:103 term: spongiotrophoblast defect goid: MPATH:104 definition: Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the spongiotrophoblast zone of the placenta. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:104 term: circulatory disorder goid: MPATH:105 definition: Lesions leading to or consequent on failure of, or atypical movement of, blood throughout the body. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:105 term: fluid accumulation goid: MPATH:106 definition: Abnormal accumulation of fluid; blood or lymph. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:106 term: congestion goid: MPATH:107 definition: Presence of an abnormal amount of fluid (but especially of blood) in the vessels or passages of a part or organ. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:107 term: disseminated intravascular coagulation goid: MPATH:108 definition: A syndrome consequent to uncontrolled activation of blood clotting factors leading to disseminated platelet lysis, and fibrin deposition, ultimately leading to bleeding and necrosis as a consequence of inhibition of fibrin polymerisation by degradation products. comment: Diagnosed by microthrombi in many organs.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:108 term: edema goid: MPATH:109 definition: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:109 term: hemorrhagic necrosis goid: MPATH:11 definition: Necrosis associated with local hemorrhage. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:11 term: embolus goid: MPATH:110 definition: A plug formed from a variety of materials occluding a vessel or tube. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:110 term: air embolism goid: MPATH:111 definition: An bubble of air occluding flow through a blood or lymphatic vessel. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:111 term: amniotic fluid embolism goid: MPATH:112 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of amniotic fluid, cell and debris into the maternal circulation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:112 term: atrial embolism goid: MPATH:113 definition: Occlusion of the outflow tract of the right atrium by a thrombus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:113 term: bone marrow embolism goid: MPATH:114 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of bone marrow, often fatty debris into the circulation. Usually following trauma. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:114 term: fat embolism goid: MPATH:115 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of lipid or fatty cells into the circulation. Usually following trauma. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:115 term: pulmonary embolism goid: MPATH:116 definition: Occlusion of pulmonary vessels by an embolus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:116 term: skin embolism goid: MPATH:117 definition: Occlusion of vessels, usually small arterioles in the dermis by various emboli. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:117 term: systemic embolism goid: MPATH:118 definition: Production of systemic vessel occlusion by emboli released from the left side of the heart, or the aorta. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:118 term: hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation goid: MPATH:119 definition: Abnormal release of whole blood or the cellular component from the circulation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:119 term: liquefactive necrosis goid: MPATH:12 definition: Soft or fluid tissue remains of a circumscribed area of necrosis digested by proteolytic enzymes. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:12 term: ecchymosis goid: MPATH:120 definition: A red/purple patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin. Larger than petechiae. comment: May also be used for any organ, although more generally used with respect to the skin.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:120 term: hematoma goid: MPATH:121 definition: A localised deposition of clotted or partially clotted extravasated blood. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:121 term: petechia goid: MPATH:122 definition: Small hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by blood vessel breakdown. comment: Usually used with reference to the skin but can be used in the context of other organs.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:122 term: purpura goid: MPATH:123 definition: Purple and variously colored lesions caused by extensive haemorrhage into the skin through ecchymoses/petechia. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:123 term: infarct goid: MPATH:124 definition: An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden cessation of arterial or venous blood supply. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:124 term: thrombosis goid: MPATH:125 definition: Presence of an occluding or mural thrombus in a blood vessel. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:125 term: growth and differentiation defect goid: MPATH:126 definition: Defects in growth (changes in proliferation or mass) and differentiation of cells tissues or organs. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:126 term: atrophy goid: MPATH:127 definition: A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:127 term: intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:128 definition: Non-invasive changes characterized by alteration in the size, shape and organization of the cellular components of an epithelial tissue. Do not confuse with developmental dysplasia MPATH:64. comment: This term has been previously used as a synonym for pre-malignant dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and is now to be preferred.[] definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128:128 term: epithelial dysplasia goid: MPATH:129 definition: epithelial dysplasia comment: obsolete due to renaming of preneoplastic dysplasias and Intraepithelial neoplasias Use MPATH:128.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:129 term: piecemeal necrosis goid: MPATH:13 definition: Sensu; hepaticobiliary system. Loss and degeneration of hepatocytes at the portal-lobular interface producing a moth-eaten irregular appearance. Piecemeal necrosis is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:13 term: mild intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:130 definition: Mild non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128:130 term: moderate intra-epithelial epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:131 definition: Moderate non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128:131 term: severe intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:132 definition: Severe non-invasive malignancy associated changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. comment: Carcinoma in situ may be used in some systems as a synonym.[] definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128:132 term: hypoplasia goid: MPATH:133 definition: Small organ or structure; failure to develop to normal size. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:133 term: hyperplasia goid: MPATH:134 definition: An increase in cell numbers in comparison to normal as a consequence of increased cell proliferation. Non -neoplastic process. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:134 term: epithelial and stromal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:135 definition: Abnormal proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:135 term: fibroepithelial polyp goid: MPATH:136 definition: A polypoid outgrowth of both epidermis and dermal fibrovascular tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:136 term: fibroglandular hyperplasia goid: MPATH:137 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular epithelium accompanied by proliferation of fibroblastic stroma. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:137 term: epithelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:138 definition: Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells and epithelial components. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:138 term: goblet cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:139 definition: Benign proliferation of goblet cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:139 term: process of degenerative change goid: MPATH:14 definition: A pathological process of loss or degradation of function, or structural integrity, of a tissue, organ or cell. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:14 term: hyperplastic polyp goid: MPATH:140 definition: A benign polyp, usually in the colon, showing hyperplasia. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:140 term: inflammatory polyp goid: MPATH:141 definition: A projecting mass of granulation tissue which may become covered by regenerating epithelium. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:141 term: intraductal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:142 definition: Benign hyperplasia of the ducts of the mammary gland. Ducts exhibit more than the usual two layer epithelium (inner cuboidal to columnar cells; outer layer of myoepithelium) without cytological atypia. definition_reference: PMID:10713680:142 term: microglandular hyperplasia goid: MPATH:143 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular epithelia, eg. Endocervical glands. Consists of tightly packed glandular or tubular units, which vary in size, lined by a flattened-to-cuboidal epithelium. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:143 term: myoepithelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:144 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular myoepithelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:144 term: fat cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:145 definition: Benign proliferation of adipose tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:145 term: lymphoid hyperplasia goid: MPATH:147 definition: Benign enlargement of lymphoid tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:147 term: mesothelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:148 definition: Benign proliferation of mesothelial cells lining body cavities presenting as small solid cell clusters or multiple layers with columnar morphology and delicate eosinophilic cytoplasm. definition_reference: Pathbase: Mohr:148 term: squamous hyperplasia goid: MPATH:149 definition: Benign proliferation of epidermal cells with hyperkeratosis. Variable growth pattern, regular to papillary (exophytic squamous cell hyperplasia). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:149 term: general degenerative process goid: MPATH:15 definition: Change of tissue to a lower state of integrity or less functional form, as in heart failure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:15 term: acanthosis goid: MPATH:150 definition: Hyperplasia of the Malpighian layer (prickle cell) of the epidermis. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:150 term: actinic keratosis goid: MPATH:151 definition: Discrete, flat or elevated, verrucous, keratotic lesions. Epidermal changes are characterized by acanthosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratoses. Dysplastic change is present and the keratinocytes vary in size and shape. Associated with UV exposure in humans. Not defined in mice to date. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:151 term: basal cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:152 definition: Benign proliferation of the basal layer cells of the skin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:152 term: hypergranulosis goid: MPATH:153 definition: Increased thickness of the granular layer of a stratified squamous epithelium, associated with hyperorthokeratosis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:153 term: hyperkeratosis goid: MPATH:154 definition: Thickening of the surface layers (stratum corneum) in the skin or other stratified squamous epithelium. Cf. ortho- and para-keratosis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:154 term: orthokeratosis goid: MPATH:155 definition: Thickening of the anuclear cell layer limited to the stratum corneum, as in a stratified squamous epithelium. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:155 term: parakeratosis goid: MPATH:156 definition: Thickening of the surface cell layer of a stratified squamous epithelium with retention of nuclei in the cells of the stratum corneum. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:156 term: pseudoepithelioma/pseudocarcinoma goid: MPATH:157 definition: Benign hyperplasia and down-growth of epidermal cells. Microscopically resembling well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:157 term: seborrheic keratosis goid: MPATH:158 definition: Superficial, benign, verrucous, often pigmented, greasy lesions consisting of proliferating epidermal cells, resembling basal cells, enclosing cornifying cysts. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:158 term: hypertrophy goid: MPATH:159 definition: Increase in size or mass of a cell, tissue or organ without increase in cell proliferation. Cf. Hyperplasia MPATH: 133. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:159 term: myxoid/myxomatous degeneration goid: MPATH:16 definition: A conversion of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or mucous substance. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:16 term: metaplasia goid: MPATH:160 definition: Abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind. An adult instance of developmental transdifferentiation MPATH:85 Traditionally defined as a form of abnormal regeneration in which a type of cell different from that found normally in a given location is produced. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:160 term: cartilaginous metaplasia goid: MPATH:161 definition: Metaplasia resulting in heterotopic formation of cartilage. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:161 term: epithelial metaplasia goid: MPATH:162 definition: Metaplasia occurring within epithelia. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:162 term: apocrine metaplasia goid: MPATH:163 definition: Alteration of acinar epithelium of, for example, mammary tissue to resemble apocrine glands. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:163 term: gastric metaplasia goid: MPATH:164 definition: Appearance of heterotopic gastric epithelium. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:164 term: glandular metaplasia goid: MPATH:165 definition: Development of heterotopic glandular epithelia. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:165 term: goblet cell metaplasia goid: MPATH:166 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of mucus secreting goblet cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:166 term: intestinal metaplasia goid: MPATH:167 definition: Appearance of heterotopic intestinal epithelium. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:167 term: lipomatous metaplasia goid: MPATH:168 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of fat cells. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:168 term: nephrogenic metaplasia goid: MPATH:169 definition: .A rare benign neoplasm of the mucosa of the urinary bladder or the urethra, consisting of tubular structures resembling those of the nephron. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:169 term: subcellular defect goid: MPATH:17 definition: Defect of a subcellular structure or organelle. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:17 term: secondary immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:209 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection, ablation or deficiency. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:209 term: oncocytic metaplasia goid: MPATH:170 definition: Appearance of oncocytic cells in for example an epithelium or tumor. comment: An oncocyte is an acidophilic cell containing numerous mitochondria - an oxophil cell.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:170 term: squamous metaplasia goid: MPATH:171 definition: Change of a glandular or mucosal epithelium into squamous epithelium. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:171 term: transitional cell metaplasia goid: MPATH:172 definition: Metaplastic response of the transitional epithelium, for example in the bladder to give squamous metaplasia and glandular metaplasia for example. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:172 term: myeloid metaplasia goid: MPATH:173 definition: A progressive disease of the bone marrow where neoplastic bone marrow stem cells lodge and grow at sites outside the bone marrow. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:173 term: osseous metaplasia goid: MPATH:174 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of bone. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:174 term: healing and repair process goid: MPATH:175 definition: The process, normal or abnormal, of damage repair or wound closure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:175 term: connective tissue replacement goid: MPATH:176 definition: Replacement of connective tissue by fibro-fatty deposits and scar tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:176 term: angiogenesis goid: MPATH:177 definition: Aberrant process of blood vessel formation and the subsequent remodeling process; does not refer to the initial establishment of the vascular network by vasculogenesis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:177 term: extracellular matrix deposition goid: MPATH:178 definition: Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins or other components. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:178 term: fibrin deposition goid: MPATH:179 definition: Deposition of fibrin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:179 term: cytoskeletal defect goid: MPATH:18 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:18 term: fibroblast proliferation goid: MPATH:180 definition: Abnormal or reactive proliferation of fibroblasts. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:180 term: fibrosis goid: MPATH:181 definition: Reactive formation of fibrous tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:181 term: gliosis goid: MPATH:182 definition: Proliferation of astrocytes in an area of damage in the brain or spinal cord. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:182 term: granulation tissue goid: MPATH:183 definition: Newly formed connective (vascular or fibrous)tissue caused by inflammation or healing (repair) processes. Microscopically consists of capillaries fibroblastic cells and inflammatory cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:183 term: sclerosis goid: MPATH:184 definition: Any pathological thickening or hardening of a tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:184 term: parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:185 definition: Post-injury regeneration of the functional tissue parenchyma. Eg. Liver. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:185 term: complete parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:186 definition: Complete healing through parenchymal regeneration - no fibrosis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:186 term: incomplete parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:187 definition: Incomplete healing usually accompanied by fibrosis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:187 term: immunopathology goid: MPATH:188 definition: Conditions resulting from inappropriate activation or suppression of the immune or inflammatory response. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:188 term: hypersensitivity disease goid: MPATH:189 definition: Immune response resulting in tissue injury. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:189 term: endoplasmic reticulum defect goid: MPATH:19 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the endoplasmic reticulum. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:19 term: type i hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:190 definition: This is manifested by localized or generalized reaction that occurs immediately (minutes) after exposure to an antigen to which the person/animal was previously sensitized. It is IgE-mediated, and mast cell activation and degranulation are hallmarks. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:190 term: type ii hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:191 definition: Caused by an antibody/antigen reaction: antibodies are directly or indirectly cytotoxic to antigens on cell surfaces or in connective tissues. comment: Most often involves IgG and IgM. Complement activation is usually involved.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:191 term: type iii hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:192 definition: Tissue injury mediated by immune complexes. Generally involves immune complexes formed in the blood via antibodies encountering circulating antigens. Immune complexes then deposit in tissues (especially blood vessels and glomeruli), induce complement activation, and result in tissue injury. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:192 term: type iv hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:193 definition: An antigen-elicited cellular immune reaction that results in tissue damage, but does not require Ab participation. The response is seen at the area of contact. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:193 term: immune mediated disease goid: MPATH:194 definition: Tissue response to inappropriate immune/inflammatory process. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:194 term: arthritis goid: MPATH:195 definition: Inflammation of a joint. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:195 term: dermatitis goid: MPATH:196 definition: Inflammation of the skin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:196 term: glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:197 definition: Renal disease characterised by diffuse inflammatory changes in glomeruli not in response to an infectious agent or treatment. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:197 term: immune mediated hemolytic anaemia goid: MPATH:198 definition: An anemic/erythrocytopenic condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated erythrocyte destruction. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:198 term: immune mediated thrombocytopenia goid: MPATH:199 definition: A condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated platelet destruction. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:199 term: cell death goid: MPATH:2 definition: Complete and irreversible cessation of metabolic activity. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:2 term: golgi defect goid: MPATH:20 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the golgi apparatus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:20 term: myositis goid: MPATH:200 definition: Inflammation of a muscle. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:200 term: vasculitis goid: MPATH:201 definition: Inflammation of a blood vessel. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:201 term: immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:202 definition: Defective immune response; can be primary due to defect in immune system or secondary/acquired due to disease. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:202 term: general immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:203 definition: general immunodeficiency disease comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH:202[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:203 term: chronic/recurrent inflammatory disease goid: MPATH:204 definition: chronic/recurrent inflammatory disease comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH: 214.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:204 term: immunodeficiency associated infection goid: MPATH:205 definition: Infection with bacteria, viruses or fungi subsequent to immunodeficiency. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:205 term: primary immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:206 definition: Disease due to primary molecular or cellular defect in the immune system or its development. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:206 term: immunodeficiency - lymphoid defect goid: MPATH:207 definition: Primary defect in the lymphoid arm of the immune system. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:207 term: immunodeficiency - myeloid/phagocytic defect goid: MPATH:208 definition: Primary defect in the myeloid arm of the immune system. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:208 term: lysosomal defect goid: MPATH:21 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the lysosomes. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:21 term: acquired immunodeficiency goid: MPATH:210 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection or ablation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:210 term: failed transfer of maternal immunoglobulin goid: MPATH:211 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to failure to attain passive immunity from maternal transfer of immunoglobulins. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:211 term: inflammation goid: MPATH:212 definition: A tissue reaction to an internal or external injury. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:212 term: acute inflammation goid: MPATH:213 definition: Inflammation with a recent onset, characterised histologically by primarily granulocyte infiltration, edema and hyperemia. comment: The five classical signs of inflammation: Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa (Galen 300BC).[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:213 term: chronic inflammation goid: MPATH:214 definition: Chronic inflammatory condition characterised by infiltration of primarily lymphocytes. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:214 term: granulomatous inflammation goid: MPATH:215 definition: Nodular inflammatory reaction, containing compactly grouped epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. The basic inflammatory unit is termed a granuloma. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:215 term: necrotic inflammation goid: MPATH:216 definition: Acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histological change is rapid diffuse necrosis throughout the affected tissue. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:216 term: ulcerative inflammation goid: MPATH:217 definition: Combination of inflammation, often suppurative or granulomatous, with ulceration. comment: Ulcers may be a component or inflammation. Use MPATH: Ulcer[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:217 term: neoplasm goid: MPATH:218 definition: A tumor resulting from abnormal and uncontrolled autonomous new cell growth (proliferation)that may be benign or malignant. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:218 term: adnexal and skin appendage tumor goid: MPATH:219 definition: Tumors of the skin, its constituent structures and glands including the mammary gland, apocrine and eccrine glands, hair follicles and associated structures. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:219 term: mitochondrial defect goid: MPATH:22 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the mitochondria. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:22 term: apocrine adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:220 definition: Carcinoma of the glandular epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:220 term: apocrine adenoma goid: MPATH:221 definition: Benign neoplasm of the epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:221 term: ceruminous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:222 definition: Malignant carcinoma of the ceruminous gland (M-8420/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:222 term: ceruminous adenoma goid: MPATH:223 definition: Benign adenomatous neoplasia of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus (M-8420/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:223 term: clear cell hidradenoma goid: MPATH:224 definition: Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 ). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:224 term: eccrine gland adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:225 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8413/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:225 term: eccrine gland adenoma goid: MPATH:226 definition: Benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8408/0). definition_reference: :Papillary adenoma:226 term: eccrine papillary adenoma goid: MPATH:227 definition: Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma. (M -8408/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:227 term: papillary hidradenoma goid: MPATH:228 definition: Benign apocrine sweat gland tumor (8405/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:228 term: sebaceous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:229 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:229 term: peroxysomal defect goid: MPATH:23 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the peroxysomes. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:23 term: sebaceous adenoma goid: MPATH:230 definition: Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:230 term: syringoma goid: MPATH:231 definition: A benign, often multiple, sometimes eruptive neoplasm of the sweat gland ducts composed of very small round cysts. (M-8407/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:231 term: trichoepithelioma goid: MPATH:232 definition: Multiple small benign nodules derived from basal cells of hair follicles enclosing small cornified cell containing cysts. (M-8100/0). definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:232 term: basal cell tumor goid: MPATH:233 definition: Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:233 term: basal cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:234 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the basal cells of the epidermis with local invasion. (M-8090/3). definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:234 term: blood vessel tumor goid: MPATH:235 definition: Tumor of venous or arterial vessels or capillaries. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:235 term: angiofibroma goid: MPATH:236 definition: .A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are multiple large and small dilated vascular channels ( M9160/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:236 term: angiokeratoma goid: MPATH:237 definition: An intradermal capillary telangiectasis with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis (M-9141/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:237 term: hemangioblastoma goid: MPATH:238 definition: A benign neoplasm frequently arising in the cerebellum composed of capillary vessel forming endothelial cells and stromal cells. (M-9161/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:238 term: hemangioendothelioma goid: MPATH:239 definition: hemangioendothelioma comment: obsolete Use Hemangioma MPATH: 240[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:239 term: plasma membrane defect goid: MPATH:24 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the plasma membrane. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:24 term: hemangioma goid: MPATH:240 definition: Neoplasm derived from endothelial cells. May be of capillary or cavernous type with large vascular channels. (M-9130/0 + M-9120/0 respectively). definition_reference: PMID:8569146:240 term: hemangiopericytoma goid: MPATH:241 definition: A vascular, usually benign, neoplasm composed of round and spindle cells derived from the pericytes and surround endothelium-lined vessels. (M-9150/0/1/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:241 term: hemangiosarcoma goid: MPATH:242 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells of blood vessels. (M-9120/3). definition_reference: PMID:8569146:242 term: central nervous system tumor goid: MPATH:243 definition: Neoplasm of the neurones, glia or meninges of the CNS. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:243 term: astrocytoma goid: MPATH:244 definition: Glioma derived from astrocytes, both benign and malignant forms (M-9400/3). comment: Also see comments in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:244 term: choroid plexus carcinoma goid: MPATH:245 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. (M-9390/3). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:245 term: choroid plexus papilloma goid: MPATH:246 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. (M-9390/0). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:246 term: ependymoma goid: MPATH:247 definition: Neoplasm derived from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles and aqueduct of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Malignant or benign. (M-9391/3). comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:247 term: ependymoma malignant goid: MPATH:248 definition: ependymoma malignant comment: obsolete -subsumed into MPATH:247[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:248 term: glioma goid: MPATH:249 definition: Neoplasm derived from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (M-9380/3, M-9440/3). comment: Also see comments in: Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:249 term: tissue specific degenerative process goid: MPATH:25 definition: Degenerative process characteristic of a particular tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:25 term: medulloblastoma goid: MPATH:250 definition: Neoplasm derived from the primitive neurectodermal cells of the cerebellum. (M-9470/3). May be considered by some authorities a synonym of PNET in the CNS. comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:250 term: meningioma goid: MPATH:251 definition: meningioma comment: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the meninges. (M-9530/0).[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:251 term: oligodendroglioma goid: MPATH:252 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived form oligodendrocytes (M-9450/3). comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:252 term: sub-ependymoma goid: MPATH:253 definition: Neoplasm derived from sub-ependymal astrocytes (M-9383/1). comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:253 term: complex tumor goid: MPATH:254 definition: Tumors showing mutiple histological componants/differentiation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:254 term: adenoacanthoma goid: MPATH:255 definition: Mixed tumor of glandular epithelia with squamous and glandular diffferentiation. (M-8570/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:255 term: carcinosarcoma goid: MPATH:256 definition: Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:256 term: craniopharyngioma goid: MPATH:257 definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm, which may be cystic, developing from the epithelium of Rathke`s pouch and occuring with or close to the pituitary gland. (M-9350/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:257 term: mesodermal mixed tumor goid: MPATH:258 definition: Neoplasm showing multiple phases, derived from mesoderm (M-8951/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:258 term: mucoepidermoid carcinoma goid: MPATH:259 definition: Most commonly a salivary gland carcinoma of low grade malignancy composed of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. (M-8430/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:259 term: alopecia goid: MPATH:26 definition: Absence of hair or loss of hair. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:26 term: mullerian mixed tumor goid: MPATH:260 definition: Neoplasm usually of the uterus or adnexae containing carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, sometimes with third or fourth components. (M-8950/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:260 term: nephroblastoma goid: MPATH:261 definition: Embryonal tumor thought to be derived from metanephric blastema. Mono, bi or triphasic, sometimes with heterotypic differentiation. (M-8960/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:261 term: pulmonary blastoma goid: MPATH:262 definition: A biphasic tumor containing a primitive epithelial component, that may resemble well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma and a primitive mesenchymal stroma, which occasionally has foci of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma or rhadomyosarcoma. (M-8972/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:262 term: rhabdoid sarcoma goid: MPATH:263 definition: Sarcomatous tumors, presenting a wide histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical spectrum. M-8963/3. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:263 term: fibroepithelial tumor goid: MPATH:264 definition: Tumors with epithelial invaginations/linings and a fibrillary and fibrocytic stroma. (M-9000 - M-9030). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:264 term: adenofibroma goid: MPATH:265 definition: A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, predominantly glandular. (M-9013/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:265 term: fibroadenoma goid: MPATH:266 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a abundant stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue. (M-9010/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:266 term: glandular tumor goid: MPATH:267 definition: Neoplasms derived from glandular epithelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:267 term: adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:268 definition: Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells in glandular or glandlike pattern. (M-8140/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:268 term: adenocarcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:269 definition: A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:269 term: arthrosis goid: MPATH:27 definition: Changes characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions. Not primarily an inflammatory process. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:27 term: adenoma goid: MPATH:270 definition: A benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells may form glands or glandlike structures. In different instances this may remain a benign tumor or progress to malignancy. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:270 term: adenomatous polyposis coli goid: MPATH:271 definition: Spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation. Polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis and potentially transform into adenocarcinoma. (M-8220/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:271 term: bronchioloalveolar adenoma goid: MPATH:272 definition: Benign epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8140/1) 1.2.1.2 in MMHCC classification. definition_reference: PMID:15059877:272 term: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma goid: MPATH:273 definition: Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3) 1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification. definition_reference: PMID:15059877:273 term: clear cell adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:274 definition: An adenocarcinoma characterised by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. (M-8310/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:274 term: comedocarcinoma goid: MPATH:275 definition: Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells are present in the ducts. (M -8501/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:275 term: cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:276 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:276 term: cystadenoma goid: MPATH:277 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:277 term: follicular adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:278 definition: Originates in the follicular cells of thyroid follicles. Papillary, solid and follicular forms. (M- 8330/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:278 term: follicular adenoma goid: MPATH:279 definition: Adenoma derived from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicles. Follicular, paipillary and solid forms. M- 8330/0. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:279 term: atherosclerosis goid: MPATH:28 definition: Characterised by irregular lipid deposits in the wall of arteries, causing narrowing of their lumens and proceeding eventually to fibrosis and calcification. comment: Note that in mouse and rats the initial lesions are mostly in the medial layer while in human they occur in the intima.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:28 term: harderian gland adenoma goid: MPATH:280 definition: Adenoma derived from acinar epithelium of the harderian gland. Papillary, cystic, cystic-papillary and acinar forms. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:280 term: harderian gland carcinoma goid: MPATH:281 definition: Malignant tumor derived form acinar epithelium of the Harderian gland. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:281 term: infiltrating duct carcinoma goid: MPATH:282 definition: Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:282 term: intraductal carcinoma goid: MPATH:283 definition: In situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). comment: Made obsolete by inclusion in MPATH: 486 Ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:283 term: intraductal papillary carcinoma goid: MPATH:284 definition: Infiltrating tumor with papillary morphology derived from the breast epithelium (M-8503/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:284 term: intraductal papilloma goid: MPATH:285 definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:285 term: intraductal papillomatosis goid: MPATH:286 definition: Diffuse multiple adenomatous papillomas derived from the ductal epithelium of the breast. (M- 8505/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:286 term: islet cell adenoma goid: MPATH:287 definition: Usually pancreatic B cell derived tumors mostly producing insulin. (M- 8150/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:287 term: islet cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:288 definition: Rare tumor of the islets of Langerhans, most of which produce insulin. (M- 8150/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:288 term: lobular carcinoma goid: MPATH:289 definition: A form of breast adenocarcinoma derived from lobular cells. (M-8520/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:289 term: cataract goid: MPATH:29 definition: Opacity of the lens. definition_reference: PMID:9309781:29 term: lobular carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:290 definition: Non-infiltrating form of lobular adenocarcinoma derived from the ductal epithelium. (M-8520/2). definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:290 term: medullary carcinoma goid: MPATH:291 definition: Derived from calcitonin-producing cells (thyroid). In humans a type of carcinoma composed of epithelial elements with considerable lymphoid stroma (breast). Not yet reported in mice. (M-8510/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:291 term: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:292 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, eg. Ovary. Consisting of a solid to cystic mass lined with cuboidal pleomorphic epithelial cells producing a mucinous material. (M- 8470/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:292 term: mucinous cystadenoma goid: MPATH:293 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of mucinous retained secretions are formed. (M-8470/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:293 term: myoepithelioma goid: MPATH:294 definition: Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands. (M-8982/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:294 term: papillary adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:295 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:295 term: papillary adenoma goid: MPATH:296 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:296 term: papillary cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:297 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:297 term: papillary cystadenoma goid: MPATH:298 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:298 term: pinealoma goid: MPATH:299 definition: Originating from differentiated cells of the pineal parenchyma. Not to be confused with human pinealoma (syn: germinoma) non-gonadal germ cell tumors found in the pineal believed to be atypical teratomas. May be benign or malignant. If ectopic teratomas/teratocarcinomas use MP322 or MP321. (M-9360/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:299 term: apoptosis goid: MPATH:3 definition: Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:3 term: cystic medial necrosis goid: MPATH:30 definition: Loss of muscle fibers and elastin in the media of the aorta, with accumulation of mucopolysaccharide. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:30 term: pineoblastoma goid: MPATH:300 definition: Malignant neoplasms which arise from pineoblasts, the primitive pineal stem cells. (M-9362/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:300 term: pineocytoma goid: MPATH:301 definition: A tumor arising in the pineal gland that resembles normal pineal parenchyma. (M-9361/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:301 term: pituicytoma goid: MPATH:302 definition: Benign tumor derived from the pituicytes ( glial cells of neurohypophysis) (M-8272/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:302 term: pseudomyxoma peritonei goid: MPATH:303 definition: Tumor characterized by extensive spread of a mucin-secreting neoplasm along the peritoneal surfaces (M-8480/6). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:303 term: serous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:304 definition: Adenocarcinoma from a serous gland producing and containing serous proteinaceous secretions (M-8441/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:304 term: serous cystadenoma goid: MPATH:305 definition: Ovarian cystadenoma composed of cells similar to tubal epithelium (M-8441/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:305 term: signet ring cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:306 definition: Adenocarcinoma of signet ring type arising from exocrine cells of the gastric mucosa or enterocytes of intestinal mucosa. (M-8490/3). definition_reference: PMID:12612914:306 term: thyroid c-cell adenoma goid: MPATH:307 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:307 term: thyroid c-cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:308 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. (M-8510/3, M-8345/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:308 term: gonadal tumor goid: MPATH:309 definition: Germ cell and non-germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:309 term: emphysema goid: MPATH:31 definition: Abnormal accumulation of air in the interstitial connective tissue of a structure. Sensu Lung: Pulmonary emphysema; characterised by abnormal increase in the size of air (alveolar) spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with degenerative changes in their walls and reduction in their number. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:31 term: sequestrum goid: MPATH:717 definition: see comment comment: Most often used in the context of bone.[] definition_reference: PS:717 term: germ cell tumor goid: MPATH:310 definition: Neoplasms derived from germ cells. May be gonadal or extragonadal and are derived from primordial germ cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:310 term: dermoid cyst goid: MPATH:311 definition: Cystic ovarian teratomas with different mature cell types (M-9084/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:311 term: dysgerminoma goid: MPATH:312 definition: Undifferentiated germ cell tumor of the ovary composed of solid sheets of large polygonal cells with rim of clear cytoplasm (M-9060/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:312 term: embryonal carcinoma goid: MPATH:313 definition: Germ cell derived malignant neoplasm of the testis or ovary, composed of anaplastic cells with indistinct cellular borders and large ovoid, round, or bean-shaped nuclei that may have large nucleoli. (M-9070/3 ). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:313 term: endodermal sinus tumor goid: MPATH:314 definition: Germ cell derived tumors resembling parietal or visceral yolk sac endoderm derivatives. Abundant eosinophilic matrix surrounding nests and cords of neoplastic cells. (M-9071-3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:314 term: gonadoblastoma goid: MPATH:315 definition: Gonadal neoplasms that consist of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements (M-9073/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:315 term: mixed germ cell tumor goid: MPATH:316 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the testis/ovary including various elements of germ cell tumors (M-9085/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:316 term: seminoma goid: MPATH:317 definition: Tumor derived from spermatogenic cells resembling spermatogenia or spermatocytes. NOS ( M9061/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:317 term: classical seminoma goid: MPATH:318 definition: As MPATH:317, but not spermatocytic (M-9061/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:318 term: spermatocytic seminoma goid: MPATH:319 definition: Neoplasm of the testis usually found within the tubule. Some debate as to whether it is of germ cell origin in contrast to classical seminoma. Three types of cells are identified in spermatocytic seminomas: those with small, intermediate, and large nuclei in humans. (M-9063/3). definition_reference: :Walt; H.; Oosterhuis; J.W. and Stevens; L.C. (1993) Int J Androl; 16; 267-271:319 term: glaucoma goid: MPATH:32 definition: Increase in the intraocular pressure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:32 term: struma ovarii goid: MPATH:320 definition: Rare ovarian tumor, regarded as monodermal teratoma, in which thyroid tissue has surpassed the other elements; occasionally associated with hyperthyroidism (M-9090/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:320 term: teratocarcinoma goid: MPATH:321 definition: Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:321 term: teratoma goid: MPATH:322 definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Malignant tumors are highly metatstatic. (M-9080/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:322 term: gonadal somatic cell tumor goid: MPATH:323 definition: Neoplasms derived from the non-germ cell derived tissues of the testis and ovary. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:323 term: androblastoma goid: MPATH:324 definition: obsolete use Sertoli cell tumor MPATH: 331. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:324 term: fibrothecoma goid: MPATH:325 definition: obsolete use thecoma MPATH:334. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:325 term: granulosa cell tumor goid: MPATH:326 definition: . Derived from sex cord stromal cells. In male thought to be Sertoli cells. (M- 8620/1). definition_reference: PMID:9789961:326 term: gynandroblastoma goid: MPATH:327 definition: gynandroblastoma comment: obsolete Use sertoli-leydig cell tumor MPATH 332[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:327 term: leydig cell tumor goid: MPATH:328 definition: Tumor derived from Leydig cells (M-8650/1). definition_reference: Mahler M; Sundberg JP ( 1997) Spontaneous Leydig cell tumors in inbred laboratory mice Lab Animal Science 47:148-52:328 term: luteal cell tumor goid: MPATH:329 definition: Tumor derived from sex cords composed of highly luteinised cells with extensive pale granular cytoplasm. (M- 8610/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:329 term: intracellular and extracellular accumulation goid: MPATH:33 definition: Accumulation of substances within, on the surface of or between cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:33 term: ovarian stromal tumor goid: MPATH:330 definition: Tumor consists of a mixture of granulosa, luteal thecal, Sertoli and stromal cells. (M-8590/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:330 term: sertoli cell tumor goid: MPATH:331 definition: Tumor derived from sex cord/stromal cells; Sertoli cells and can occur in both testis and ovary. (M-8640/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:331 term: sertoli-leydig cell tumor goid: MPATH:332 definition: Tumor of the ovary or testis containing granulosa or theca cell elements with a tubular componant of Sertoli cell type and producing simultaneous androgenic and estrogenic effects. (M-8631/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:332 term: sex cord tumor goid: MPATH:333 definition: sex cord tumor comment: obsolete: Use more specific terms: MPATH: 334, 331, 329, 326[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:333 term: thecoma goid: MPATH:334 definition: Derived from sex cord stromal cells, spindle shaped cells arranged in whorls or interlacing bundles. (M- 8600/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:334 term: hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder goid: MPATH:335 definition: Proliferative disorders and malignancies of the lymphoid and non lymphoid haematopoietic lineages. definition_reference: URL:http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:335 term: leukaemia goid: MPATH:336 definition: leukaemia comment: obsolete folowing reclassification.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:336 term: erythroid leukaemia goid: MPATH:337 definition: Leukaemia with at least 50% of nucleated erythroid cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:337 term: granulocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:338 definition: granulocytic leukaemia comment: obsolete following reclassification see: MPATH505[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:338 term: lymphatic leukaemia goid: MPATH:339 definition: lymphatic leukaemia definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:339 term: amyloid deposition goid: MPATH:34 definition: Extracellular deposition of amyloid protein. comment: Any group of chemically diverse proteins that appears microscopically homogeneous, but is composed of linear non-branching aggregated fibrils aranged in sheets when see under the electron microscope.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:34 term: megakaryocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:340 definition: Leukaemia with at least 50% of megakaryocytic cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:340 term: myelodysplastic disorder goid: MPATH:341 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. Less than 20% should be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:341 term: myeloid leukaemia goid: MPATH:342 definition: Leukaemias of the myeloid lineage. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:342 term: lymphoma goid: MPATH:343 definition: lymphoma comment: obsolete; divided between subtypes of MPATH516, MPATH535[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:343 term: follicle center cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:344 definition: follicle center cell lymphoma comment: obsolete; see MPATH 522[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:344 term: immunoblastic lymphoma goid: MPATH:345 definition: immunoblastic lymphoma comment: obsolete; see MPATH525[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:345 term: small lymphocytic lymphoma goid: MPATH:347 definition: small lymphocytic lymphoma comment: obsolete; see MPATH520[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:347 term: thymic lymphoma goid: MPATH:348 definition: thymic lymphoma comment: obsolete[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:348 term: mast cell tumor goid: MPATH:349 definition: mast cell tumor comment: obsolete; see MPATH507[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:349 term: bile deposition goid: MPATH:35 definition: Intra- or extracellular deposition of bile pigments and their metabolites. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:35 term: mastocytoma goid: MPATH:350 definition: mastocytoma comment: obsolete. See MPATH507[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:350 term: thymoma goid: MPATH:351 definition: A neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated; occasionally invasive, but metastases are rare; histologically, consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. (M-8580/1). definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:351 term: hepatic tumor goid: MPATH:352 definition: Tumors of the liver and biliary apparatus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:352 term: hepatocellular adenoma goid: MPATH:353 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:353 term: cholangiocarcinoma goid: MPATH:354 definition: Malignant tumor derived from the bile duct epithelium. (M8160/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:354 term: cholangiofibroma goid: MPATH:355 definition: Develops from cholangiofibrosis, fibrosis of the biliary ducts and is only potentially malignant. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:355 term: hepatoblastoma goid: MPATH:356 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the liver of unknown origin . Liver blastemal cells, neoplastic hepatocytes, oval cells and biliary epithelial cells have been proposed. (M- 8970/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:356 term: hepatocellular carcinoma goid: MPATH:357 definition: Malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/3). definition_reference: Book: Bannasche; P and Zerban; H. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat iver. In; Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. Goessner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer; Stuttgart. p. 18-63:357 term: melanocytic tumor goid: MPATH:358 definition: Tumors derived from melanocytes. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:358 term: melanoma goid: MPATH:359 definition: Tumor of neurectodermal origin, usually melanocytes, showing dense deposition of melanin granules, although amelanotic melanomas have been reported. (M-8720/3). definition_reference: Book: Klein-Szanto; A.J.; Neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the mouse skin; in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. Goessner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer; Stuttgart. p. 1-18:359 term: calcium deposition goid: MPATH:36 definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of calcium usually as calcium phosphate. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:36 term: melanoma in situ goid: MPATH:360 definition: A potentially malignant lesion, melanoma in situ is the first phase of growth of melanoma, in which it is still confined to the epithelial domain (epidermis and adnexa) and has not passed through the basement membrane. (M-8720/2). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:360 term: naevus goid: MPATH:361 definition: Local lesion of the skin, often colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity. May be predominantly epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, vascular, or mesodermal, or a compound overgrowth of these tissues. Not necessarily pre-malignant. (M-8720/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:361 term: mesonephroma goid: MPATH:362 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures. (M-9110/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:362 term: mesonephric tumor goid: MPATH:363 definition: Tumor beleived to be derived from mesonephric remnants. (M-8310/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:363 term: mesothelial tumor goid: MPATH:364 definition: mesothelial tumor comment: obsolete; subsumed into MPATH365[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:364 term: mesothelioma goid: MPATH:365 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum, composed of spindle cells or fibrous tissue which may enclose glandlike spaces lined by cuboidal cells. Epithelioid, fibrous, cystis, papillary, and sarcomatoid variants. (M- 9050/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:365 term: neuroendocrine tumor goid: MPATH:366 definition: Neoplasms derived from the neuroendocrine system. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:366 term: carcinoid tumor goid: MPATH:367 definition: Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derived from primitive stem cells. Found predominantly in the lung and gut they are capable of secreting a large range of substances and have a number of histological subtypes. May resemble but are distinct from small cell lung carcinoma in the lung. (M-8240/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:367 term: endocrine adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:368 definition: obsolete. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:368 term: endocrine adenoma goid: MPATH:369 definition: endocrine adenoma definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:369 term: ceroid deposition goid: MPATH:37 definition: Intracellular deposition of golden or yellow-brown pigment, acid fast and insoluble in lipid solvents. Believed to be a type of lipofuscin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:37 term: primitive neurectodermal tumor goid: MPATH:370 definition: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are neoplasms derived from primitive neural stem cells either in the CNS or the periphery . These are small-cell, malignant embryonal tumors showing divergent differentiation of variable degree along neuronal, glial, or rarely mesenchymal lines. (M-9473/3, M-9364/3). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:370 term: small cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:371 definition: Neuroendocrine cell derived anaplastic carcinoma composed of small cells, usually of the lung producing a variety of peptide hormones. (M-8041/3). 1.2.3.4 of MMHCC classification. comment: see: Meuwissen, R., Linn, S.C., Linnoila, R.I. et al. (2003) Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model. Cancer cell, 4: 181-189. AND Calbo, J., Meuwissen, R., van Montfort, E. et al. (2005) Genotype-phenotype relationships in a mouse model for human small-cell lung cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology, 70: 225-232. AND Meuwissen, R. and Berns, A. (2005) Mouse models for human lung cancer. Genes & development, 19: 643-664.[] definition_reference: PMID:15059877:371 term: tumorlet goid: MPATH:372 definition: Small disseminated foci of atypical bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Benign. (M- 8040/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:372 term: cns progenitor tumor goid: MPATH:373 definition: Neoplasms derived from neuroepithelial precursors. comment: Renamed from neuroepitheliomatous tumor, to reflect primitive origins of this class of tumor.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:373 term: esthesioneuroblastoma goid: MPATH:374 definition: A neoplasm of immature, poorly differentiated neuronal cells believed to arise from neuroepithelial precursors in the olfactory epithelium. (M- 9522/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:374 term: ganglioneuroma goid: MPATH:375 definition: A benign neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic neurons scattered singly or in clumps within a relatively abundant and dense stroma of neurofibrils and collagenous fibers. (M-9490/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:375 term: neuroblastoma goid: MPATH:376 definition: A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, poorly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type. (M-9500/3). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:376 term: pheochromocytoma goid: MPATH:377 definition: A catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla. May be benign or malignant. . (M- 8510/3). [Pathbase: Pathology Committee] definition_reference: See MPATH 398:377 term: retinoblastoma goid: MPATH:378 definition: Malignant juvenile neoplasm of the eye derived from primitive retinal precursor cells. (M- 9510/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:378 term: odontogenic tumor goid: MPATH:379 definition: Neoplasm arising from the tissues of the odontogenic apparatus. These tumors are derived from ectodermal tissue (epithelial tumors) or from mesodermal tissue (connective tissue tumors) or are composed of both components (mixed or composite odontogenic tumors) . definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:379 term: copper deposition goid: MPATH:38 definition: Intra and extracellular deposition of copper and copper containing proteins. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:38 term: ameloblastic fibroma goid: MPATH:380 definition: A tumor consisting of proliferating strands and clumps of odontogenic epithelium in a highly cellular fibroblastic stroma resembling the dental papilla of developing teeth. The epithelial component are composed of peripheral cuboidal or cylindrical cells enclosing scant stellate cells. (M-9330/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:380 term: ameloblastoma goid: MPATH:381 definition: Benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that histologically mimics the embryonic enamel organ but does not differentiate to the point of forming dental hard tissue. Histologically dominated by epithelial cells in a scant fibroblastic stroma. (M-9310/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:381 term: cementifying fibroma goid: MPATH:382 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal cells or cementoblasts. Well demarcated tumor occurring exclusively in the jaw containing spindle cells which undergo transformation to cuboidal cementoblasts forming multiple cementicle like bodies. ( M-9274/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:382 term: cementoblastoma goid: MPATH:383 definition: A neoplasm arising from the periodontal ligament (M-9273/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:383 term: cementoma goid: MPATH:384 definition: Reactive fibro-osseous lesion derived from odotongenic cells in the periodontal ligament (M-9272/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:384 term: dentinoma goid: MPATH:385 definition: Similar lesion to ameloblastic fibroma (MPATH380) , but also showing inductive changes that lead to the formation of dentine (M-9271/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:385 term: odontogenic tumor goid: MPATH:386 definition: odontogenic tumor comment: redundant[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:386 term: odontoma goid: MPATH:387 definition: Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0). definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:387 term: osseous and chondromatous tumor goid: MPATH:388 definition: Neoplasms of bone and cartilage. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:388 term: chondroblastoma goid: MPATH:389 definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm occuring in the epiphyses of long bones, consisting of highly cellular tissue resembling embryonic cartilage. (M-9230/0, /3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:389 term: glycogen deposition goid: MPATH:39 definition: Intracellular deposition of glycogen. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:39 term: chondroblastoma, malignant goid: MPATH:390 definition: chondroblastoma, malignant comment: Subsumed into MPATH:389[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:390 term: chondroma goid: MPATH:391 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage (M-9220/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:391 term: chondrosarcoma goid: MPATH:392 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form pluripotential mesenchymal cells, chondrocytes or chondroblasts. No production of osteoid. (M-9220/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:392 term: osteoblastoma goid: MPATH:393 definition: Generally benign osteogenic neoplasm of unknown aetiology. Aggressive form may be confused with osteosarcoma. NOT a syn for osteofibroma. (M-9200/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:393 term: osteochondroma goid: MPATH:394 definition: Benign bone tumor characterized by hyaline cartilage capped bony growths that project from the surface of the affected bone. (M-9210/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:394 term: osteofibroma goid: MPATH:395 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts composed of mature nbone trabelculae seperated by a stroma of spindle cells. (M- 9262/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:395 term: osteoma goid: MPATH:396 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from osteoblasts or osteocytes composed of very dense bone with predominantly woven structure. ( M-9180/0). definition_reference: Book: Luz; A and Gessner; W. ; Neoplastic bone lesions of the mouse; in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents; P. Bannasch and W. Goessner; Editors. 1997. Schattauer; Stuttgart. p. 142-154:396 term: osteosarcoma goid: MPATH:397 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts or osteocytes. Highly invasive and destructive tumor rising in the skeleton with osteoid and immature woven bone. (M-9180/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:397 term: paragangliomas and glomus tumor goid: MPATH:398 definition: Generally benign neoplasms of CHIEF cells arising from neuroectodermal tissues, found in various parts of the body. Note that until recently, glomus tumors were believed to be derived from specialised vascular cells, which is incorrect. Paraganglioma is the preferred term.The nomenclature for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is inconsistent. The term paraganglioma is used to refer to any extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglion system or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system. Functional tumors are referred extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:398 term: aortic body tumor goid: MPATH:399 definition: Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the aortic body (M-8691/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:399 term: necrosis goid: MPATH:4 definition: Morpholological changes after intravital (Pathologic) death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage;characterised by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, swollen and abnormally pale basophilic staining; or karyorrhexis, rupture and fragmentation of the nucleus. Energy independent cf. Apoptosis MPATH 3. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:4 term: hyalinosis goid: MPATH:40 definition: Intracellular deposition of eosinophilic material. definition_reference: PMID: 11794381:40 term: carotid body tumor goid: MPATH:400 definition: Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the carotid body (M-8692/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:400 term: glomus jugulare tumor goid: MPATH:401 definition: A glomus tumor arising from the chief cells of the paraganglia ( neurectodermal derivatives) , or glomus bodies, located within the wall (adventitia) of the jugular bulb. (8690/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:401 term: glomus tumor goid: MPATH:402 definition: glomus tumor comment: obsolete; use paraganglioma M-8711/0) or specific example terms, MPATH399-401.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:402 term: paraganglioma goid: MPATH:403 definition: A neoplasm composed of derivatives of CHIEF cells usually in single encapsulated nodular masses surrounded with sustentacular cells. ( M- 8711/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:403 term: soft tissue tumor goid: MPATH:404 definition: Neoplasms of the soft and connective tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:404 term: chordoma goid: MPATH:405 definition: Believed to arise from primitive notochord remnants . Usually occurs along the axial skeleton and is characterised by the presence of bubble cells containing large unstained cytoplasmic vacuoles with central or eccentricc nuclei. Benign but locally invasive. (M-9370/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:405 term: dermatofibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:406 definition: Highly recurrent, infiltrative skin tumors of intermediate malignancy derived from fibroblasts/fibrocytes. Human condition dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (M-8832/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:406 term: fibroma goid: MPATH:407 definition: Benign neoplasm of fibroblasts/fibrocytes with poor/moderate cellularity. (M-8810/0). comment: Soft tissue qualifier removed by Pathology Panel to increase scope of term.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:407 term: soft tissue fibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:408 definition: Malignant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells; fibroblasts, fibrocytes (M-8810/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:408 term: fibrous histiocytoma goid: MPATH:409 definition: Benign or maligant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells showing fibrous and histiocytic differentiation (M-8830/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:409 term: iron deposition goid: MPATH:41 definition: Extra- or intra-cellular deposition of iron, iron containing proteins or hemosiderin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:41 term: giant cell tumor of soft tissue goid: MPATH:410 definition: Malignant or benign tumor of pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells giving rise to large multinucleated cells (M- 9251/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:410 term: granular cell tumor/alveolar sarcoma goid: MPATH:411 definition: granular cell tumor/alveolar sarcoma comment: obsolete. Use specific terms MPATH: 412 or MPATH: 413[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:411 term: alveolar soft part sarcoma goid: MPATH:412 definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin though probably myogenic due to expression of MyoD and other myogenic lineage markers. Consists of grouped polygonal tumor cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in an organ-like configuration separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Central areas within these nests of cells become necrotic, and the loss of architecture produces an alveolar appearance. (M-9581/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:412 term: granular cell tumor goid: MPATH:413 definition: Large polygonal or round cell tumors with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm containing PAS positive granules. Found especially in the uterine cervix. Aetiology unknown. (M-9580/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:413 term: histiocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:414 definition: histiocytic sarcoma comment: redundant use MPATH506[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:414 term: lipomatous tumor goid: MPATH:415 definition: Tumors derived from the lipogenic lineage or showing predominantly lipomatous differentiation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:415 term: angiomyolipoma goid: MPATH:416 definition: Benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Associated with tuberous sclerosis in humans. Aetiology unknown, but the combination of elements may reflect a lesion specific pattern of metaplasia. (M-8860/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:416 term: lipoma goid: MPATH:417 definition: Benign neoplasia derived from lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous. (M- 8850/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:417 term: liposarcoma goid: MPATH:418 definition: Malignant neoplasms which probably originate in primitive mesenchymal stem cell populations differentiating down a lipomatous pathway. (M-8850/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:418 term: lymphatic vessel tumor goid: MPATH:419 definition: Neoplasms of the lymphatic vessels. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:419 term: lipid deposition goid: MPATH:42 definition: Extra or intracellular deposition of lipid. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:42 term: lymphangioma goid: MPATH:420 definition: Benign hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic ducts. Usually found in the skin and may be superficial or deep. (M-9170/0). definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:420 term: lymphangiomyomatosis goid: MPATH:421 definition: Characterized by benign peribronchial, perivascular, and perilymphatic proliferation of atypical smooth muscle resulting in vascular and airway obstruction, cyst formation, and a progressive decline in lung function. (M- 9174/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:421 term: lymphangiosarcoma goid: MPATH:422 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from vascular tissue in which the neoplastic cells originate from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. (M-9170/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:422 term: myomatous tumor goid: MPATH:423 definition: Neoplasms derived from myogenic lineages or predominantly composed of cells showing myomatous differentiation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:423 term: intravascular leiomyomatosis goid: MPATH:424 definition: Benign leiomyoma that invades vascular spaces. (M-8890/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:424 term: leiomyoma goid: MPATH:425 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells. (M-8890/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:425 term: leiomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:426 definition: Malignant tumor derived form pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or smooth muscle cells. (M- 8890/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:426 term: myoblastoma goid: MPATH:427 definition: myoblastoma comment: obsolete. Syn of granular cell tumor. MPATH 413[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:427 term: rhabdomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:428 definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. (M-8900/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:428 term: myxomatous tumor goid: MPATH:429 definition: Neoplasms resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue with a soft mucous matrix. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:429 term: lipofuscin deposition goid: MPATH:43 definition: Intracellular deposition of brown pigment granules probably representing lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. Often age related. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:43 term: angiomyxoma goid: MPATH:430 definition: Angiomyxoma is a poorly circumscribed, slowly growing lesion composed of spindle-shaped and stellate cells evenly distributed in an abundant myxoid matrix. The lesion contains numerous vessels, often showing some hyalinization of their walls, and occasionally surrounded by a few smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells may express desmin and/ or smooth muscle actin (M-8841/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:430 term: myxoma goid: MPATH:431 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. May show multiple differentiated components. (M-8840/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:431 term: myxosarcoma goid: MPATH:432 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. (M-8840/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:432 term: nerve sheath tumor goid: MPATH:433 definition: Neoplasms of the nerve sheath. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:433 term: neurilemmoma goid: MPATH:434 definition: neurilemmoma comment: obsolete. Use schwannoma MPATH438[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:434 term: neurofibroma goid: MPATH:435 definition: Peripheral nerve tumor consisting of chaotic arrays of wavy schwann cell bundles and fibroblasts interspersed within a matrix rich in collagen and mucopolysaccharide. (M9540/0). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:435 term: neurofibromatosis goid: MPATH:436 definition: Systemic manifestation of MPATH:435 ( M-9540/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:436 term: neurofibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:437 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:437 term: schwannoma goid: MPATH:438 definition: May be malignant or benign, Schwann cell derived tumor considered to be neurectodermal with some acquired mesenchymal features. (M-9560/0). definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:438 term: synovial-like tumor goid: MPATH:439 definition: Neoplasms of synovial origin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:439 term: melanin deposition goid: MPATH:44 definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of melanin. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:44 term: synovial sarcoma goid: MPATH:440 definition: Malignant neoplasm occurring in close association with tendon sheaths and joint capsules. Biphasic in humans , showing a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid like morphology; this is not seen in rodents to date. (M-9040/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:440 term: synovioma goid: MPATH:441 definition: synovioma comment: Obsolete. Use MPATH:440[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:441 term: squamous cell tumor goid: MPATH:442 definition: Neoplasms of stratified squamous epithelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:442 term: inverted squamous papilloma goid: MPATH:443 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:443 term: keratoacanthoma goid: MPATH:444 definition: Skin type is thought to arise from follicular epithelium of hair follicles; found in other epithelia. Composed of multiple cup shaped cavities filled with lamellated concentrically arranged or homogeneous cornified masses. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:444 term: papilloma goid: MPATH:445 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells (M-8050/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:445 term: squamous cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:446 definition: Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:446 term: squamous cell carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:447 definition: Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:447 term: squamous cell papilloma goid: MPATH:448 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:448 term: verrucous carcinoma goid: MPATH:449 definition: A well-differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma. (M-8051/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:449 term: protein deposition goid: MPATH:45 definition: Non-specified intra or extracellular deposition of protein. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:45 term: transitional cell tumor goid: MPATH:450 definition: Neoplasms of transitional epithelia, eg kidney, ureter , bladder , cervix. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:450 term: transitional cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:451 definition: Malignant neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:451 term: transitional cell carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:452 definition: Pre-malignant intra-epithelial neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/2). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:452 term: transitional cell papilloma goid: MPATH:453 definition: Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form ( M- 8120/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:453 term: trophoblastic tumor goid: MPATH:454 definition: Tumors derived directly from trophoblastic tissue or differentiated from germ cell tumor origins. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:454 term: choriocarcinoma goid: MPATH:455 definition: Tumor derived from malignant trophoblastic cells. May be found in the uterus, ovary and testis. May also be derived from teratomas and teratocarcinomas in males. (M-9100/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:455 term: hydatidiform mole goid: MPATH:456 definition: Vesicular or cystic tumor with hydropic villi resulting from the proliferation of trophoblast in the absence ( complete) or the presence ( partial) of an embryo. Most complete moles are homozygous androgenetic XX 46.(M-9100/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:456 term: placental site trophoblastic tumor goid: MPATH:457 definition: Neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts that invades the myometrium at the placental site after a pregnancy. (M-9104/1). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:457 term: normal goid: MPATH:458 definition: Normal. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:458 term: obsolete goid: MPATH:459 definition: obsolete definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:459 term: uric acid deposition goid: MPATH:46 definition: Extracellular deposition of uric acid crystals. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:46 term: nuclear defect goid: MPATH:460 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the nuclear membrane or matrix or other component. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:460 term: cataract; capsular-epithelial goid: MPATH:461 definition: Proliferation of lens epithelium and capsule leading to fibrous metaplasia and anterior subcapsular cataract ( ASC) . Possible developmental origin. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:461 term: cataract; nuclear and cortical goid: MPATH:462 definition: Nuclear cataract of developmental origin with tendency to progress with age and involve the cortex and capsule. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:462 term: cataract; cortical liquefactive goid: MPATH:463 definition: Of developmental origins; nucleus and cortex become completely liquefied in post-natal life. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:463 term: cataract; lens extrusion goid: MPATH:464 definition: Involves capsular rupture usually of the posterior lens capsule, close to birth or in the first few weeks postpartum. Cortical material spills into the vitreous humor and may be disseminated through the eye. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:464 term: glaucoma developmental goid: MPATH:465 definition: Consequent on developmental abnormalities in the trabecular network and Schlemm`s canal in the angle. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:465 term: glaucoma; open angle goid: MPATH:466 definition: Failure of drainage of the eye for unknown reasons. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:466 term: glaucoma; angle closure goid: MPATH:467 definition: Develops when the angle caused by the iris and cornea closes. May occur because of anatomically narrow angles or adhesions. definition_reference: ISBN:08493086 4X:467 term: pseudocyst goid: MPATH:468 definition: Formation of extracellular (sensu pancreas) non-epithelial bounded spaces containing accumulated products or substances. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:468 term: symmetry defect goid: MPATH:469 definition: Any aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:469 term: intracellular and extracellular depletion goid: MPATH:47 definition: Loss or dispersion of specific intra- and extracellular substances. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:47 term: left/right axis defect goid: MPATH:470 definition: Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern. comment: For example as seen in the mutation .[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:470 term: anterior/posterior axis defect goid: MPATH:471 definition: Anteroposterior aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:471 term: dorsal/ventral axis defect goid: MPATH:472 definition: Dorsoventral aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:472 term: developmental cystic dysplasia goid: MPATH:473 definition: Developmental dysplasia showing epithelial cell bounded cavities. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:473 term: ectasia goid: MPATH:474 definition: Dilation of a tubular structure. comment: Often associated with an obstruction.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:474 term: ductal ectasia goid: MPATH:475 definition: Dilation of a ductal structure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:475 term: telangiectasia goid: MPATH:476 definition: A lesion formed by a dilated capillary or terminal artery. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:476 term: choristoma goid: MPATH:477 definition: Similar to hamartoma, including the mass lesion requirement, but unlike hamartoma, includes heterotopic tissue of an adult or embryonic nature ( topographical and developmental anomaly). definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:477 term: angiogenesis defect goid: MPATH:478 definition: Abnormality in developmental angiogenesis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:478 term: vasculogenesis defect goid: MPATH:479 definition: Defect in formation of blood vessels by vasculogenesis, proliferation or recruitment of endothelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:479 term: decalcification goid: MPATH:48 definition: Process of loss of calcium from normally calcified tissue, usually bone. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:48 term: decidual defect goid: MPATH:480 definition: Any defect in the formation, architecture, cellular composition or function of the maternal decidua. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:480 term: pre-neoplastic lesions goid: MPATH:481 definition: Lesions likely to result in progression to frank tumors, which may be classified as pre-neoplastic or pre-cancerous. comment: Obsolete; replaced by potentially pre-cancerous lesions (MPATH 556) as many are actually neoplastic but do not progress to cancer.[] definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15; 123-128:481 term: focal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:482 definition: Localised hyperplastic lesion. Polyclonal lesions are probably benign but clonal lesions may progress to malignancy. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:482 term: atypical hyperplasia goid: MPATH:483 definition: Presence of localised areas within for example adenomas showing characteristics of neoplastic (tumor) progression, eg focal carcinoma. comment: Considered to be too vague to be useful.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:483 term: hyperplastic nodule goid: MPATH:484 definition: Expansion of small hyperplastic lesions to become macroscopically nodules, compressing adjacent cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:484 term: carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:485 definition: May be used in some systems in preference to its synonyms to indicate lesion specific aprearances. A lesion characterised by changes of the type associated with invasive carcinoma, but physically bounded by the lining epithelium and without local invasion. comment: Subsumed into MPATH: 132[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:485 term: ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:486 definition: Pre-malignant hyperplastic and/or dysplastic change in the mammary gland epithelium with the potential to give rise to malignant tumors. comment: This term covers the range of DIN (MIN) including severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (IENIII), alternatively termed in situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). See Tavassoli FA. (1998) Mod Pathol. 11:140-54. Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia for further definition.[] definition_reference: PMID:10713680:486 term: intestinal intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:487 definition: Histologically apparent areas of dysplasia that are not grossly visible (smaller than 0.5-1 mm). Lesions may involve single or multiple glands. definition_reference: PMID:12612914:487 term: prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:488 definition: See reference for definition. definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-512338-7:488 term: stomach, oesophagus and pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:489 definition: stomach, oesophagus and pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-512338-7:489 term: demyelination goid: MPATH:49 definition: Reduction of myelin content in neuronal sheath. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:49 term: adenomatous polyp goid: MPATH:490 definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:490 term: polyp goid: MPATH:491 definition: A mass of tissue which projects outward or upward from the normal surface level being macroscopically visible as a hemispheroidal, spheroidal, or irregular moundlike structure growing from a relatively broad base or a slender stalk. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:491 term: membraneous glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:492 definition: Glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary basement membranes, due in part to subepithelial deposits of immunoglobulins separated by spikes of basement membrane material,. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:492 term: membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:493 definition: A chronic glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial cell proliferation, increased lobular separation of glomeruli, thickening of glomerular capillary walls and increased mesangial matrix,. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:493 term: autoimmune glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:494 definition: Glomerulonephritis caused by autoimmune attack on the glomerulus. comment: Needs multiple parentage with autoimmune mediated disease[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:494 term: glomangioma goid: MPATH:495 definition: Tumor derived from the capillary glomus with arteriovenous capillary anastomoses. Often characterized by multiple tumors resembling cavernous hemangioma (M-8712/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:495 term: non-lymphoid leukaemias goid: MPATH:496 definition: Neoplasms of non-lymphoid haematopoietic lineage. Must have at least 20% blast cells to meet this definition. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:496 term: myeloid leukaemia without maturation goid: MPATH:497 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly differentiated and not monocytic. At least 90% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:497 term: myeloid leukaemia with maturation goid: MPATH:498 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic but not monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:498 term: nesidioblastosis goid: MPATH:499 definition: Abnormal proliferation of beta cells of developing islets often leading to marked diffuse or focal beta-cell hyperplasia. Considered to generate a potentially cancerous lesion. definition_reference: PMCID: 1964945:499 term: bridging necrosis goid: MPATH:5 definition: Area of liver necrosis that bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:5 term: glycogen depletion goid: MPATH:50 definition: Reduction in intracellular glycogen content. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:50 term: myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukaemia goid: MPATH:500 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are well differentiated and in which there are fewer than 20% blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:500 term: myelomonocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:501 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic and a monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:501 term: monocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:502 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly or moderately differentiated with a monocytic but no neutrophilic component. At least 20% of the cells must be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:502 term: biphenotypic leukaemia goid: MPATH:503 definition: A leukaemia with at least 90% blasts and differentiation markers of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:503 term: non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas goid: MPATH:504 definition: Solid tumor mass composed of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:504 term: granulocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:505 definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of granulocytic or relatively undifferentiated non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:505 term: histiocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:506 definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of histiocytic cells (M-9775/3). definition_reference: PMID:12070033:506 term: mast cell sarcoma goid: MPATH:507 definition: Solid tumor mass composed of mast cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:507 term: myeloid dysplasias goid: MPATH:508 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:508 term: cytopenia with increased blasts goid: MPATH:509 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. More than 20% should be blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:509 term: hypocalcification goid: MPATH:51 definition: Intrinsic abnormally low level of calcification in a tissue cf. MPATH: 48. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:51 term: myeloid proliferations (non-reactive) goid: MPATH:510 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. Genetically determined. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:510 term: myeloproliferation (genetic) goid: MPATH:511 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which do not infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow. Genetically determined. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:511 term: myeloproliferative disease goid: MPATH:512 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:512 term: lymphoid neoplasms goid: MPATH:513 definition: Neoplasms of the B or T cell lineage. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:513 term: b cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:514 definition: B cell neoplasms definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:514 term: non-lymphoid neoplasias goid: MPATH:515 definition: Hematological neoplasias of non-lymphoid origin. definition_reference: PMID:12070033:515 term: b-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:516 definition: Neoplasm of the B cell lymphoid lineage. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:516 term: precursor b cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:517 definition: Lymphoma originating from precursor B-cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:517 term: precursor b -cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia goid: MPATH:518 definition: Lymphoma originating in a precursor B-cell. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:518 term: mature b-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:519 definition: Lymphomas originating in peripheral B cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:519 term: lipid depletion goid: MPATH:52 definition: Reduction in cellular or plasma lipid content. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:52 term: small b-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:520 definition: Diffuse accumulation of small mature B-cells. definition_reference: Book: Morse; et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:520 term: splenic marginal zone lymphoma goid: MPATH:521 definition: A lymphoid proliferation of cells of the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:521 term: follicular b cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:522 definition: A lymphoid proliferation composed of a mixture of centroblasts and centrocytes that may or may not have a nodular(follicular)pattern. The follicular dendritic cell network is not present, unlike in the human. The equivalent typical translocation (Chr. 14:18 )seen in humans has not been reported in the mouse. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:522 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:523 definition: Diffuse proliferation of large B lymphoid cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:523 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, centroblastic type goid: MPATH:524 definition: Diffuse follicular centre cell lymphoma mainly composed of centroblasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:524 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, immunoblastic type goid: MPATH:525 definition: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with increased number of immunoblasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:525 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, histiocyte associated goid: MPATH:526 definition: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with more than 50% histiocytes. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:526 term: primary mediastinal (thymic) diffuse large b cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:527 definition: Primary B-cell lymphoma of the thymus. Reported in C57BL/6 mice infected with replication defective MuLV. Not clear that this is the equivalent of the human disease. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:527 term: classic burkitt lymphoma goid: MPATH:528 definition: Highly proliferative B-cell lymphoma characteristically seen in c-Myc transgenic mice, derived from mature B cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:528 term: burkitt-like lymphoma goid: MPATH:529 definition: Highly proliferative mature B-cell lymphoma, poorly defined. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:529 term: osteopenia goid: MPATH:53 definition: Reduced bone mass due to inadequate synthesis of osteoid, resulting in decreased calcification. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:53 term: plasma cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:530 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Includes the equivalent of human myeloma (ICD-O 9732/3). definition_reference: PMID:12070034:530 term: b-natural killer cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:531 definition: Unusual lymphoma type described in thymectomised (SL/Kh x AKR/Ms) F1 mice. No equivalent found in human to date. See reference for detailed phenotype. definition_reference: Lu; L-M.; et al (1999) Jpn J. Cancer Res. 90: 1218-1223:531 term: plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:532 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. comment: Tissue, usually lymph nodes, that contain unusually large numbers of normal appearing plasma cells. While these may be plasmacytomas, additional work is needed to confirm this latter diagnosis.[] definition_reference: PMID:12070034:532 term: extraosseous plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:533 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Frequently found in IL6 transgenic mice. Characteristically involves spleen and nodes rather than peritoneum. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:533 term: anaplastic plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:534 definition: Diffuse proliferation of immature plasma cells or plasma blasts. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:534 term: t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:535 definition: Neoplasms derived from cells of the T lymphocyte lineage. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:535 term: precursor t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:536 definition: Neoplasms of precursor T cells. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:536 term: precursor t-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia goid: MPATH:537 definition: Precursor T cell derived neoplasia. Most commonly found in the thymus. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:537 term: mature t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:538 definition: Non-thymic neoplasms of mature T cell origin. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:538 term: small t-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:539 definition: Accumulation of small mature T cells. No human counterpart known to date. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:539 term: osteoporosis goid: MPATH:54 definition: Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue. More severe than MPATH: 53 with gross changes to bone matrix. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:54 term: t cell neoplasms character undetermined goid: MPATH:540 definition: T cell neoplasms which cannot currently be classified into known subtypes. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:540 term: t large cell anaplastic lymphoma goid: MPATH:541 definition: Diffuse large pleiomorphic T cell lymphoma. This entity does not correspond to human anaplastic large cell lymphoma. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:541 term: t natural killer cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:542 definition: Neoplasm of large granular T cells of CD8 phenotype. definition_reference: PMID:12070034:542 term: cholangioma goid: MPATH:543 definition: Benign neoplasm of the biliary duct. Occurs in solid and cystic forms. (M-8160/0). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:543 term: hepatocholangiocellular adenoma goid: MPATH:544 definition: Benign tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar adenoma and cholangioma. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:544 term: hepatocholangiocellular carcinoma goid: MPATH:545 definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. (M-8180/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:545 term: mucous secretions goid: MPATH:547 definition: Extracellular accumulation of mucous secretions. comment: Mucus is the clear viscous secretion of the mucous membranes. Consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes and various inorganic salts dissolved in water.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:547 term: papillary transitional cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:548 definition: A generally malignant neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by atypical neoplastic epithelial or urothelial cells cells. definition_reference: Book: Kunze; E. (1994) Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the Rat urinary bladder. In; Pathology of Neoplasia and Preneoplasia in Rodents. Eds. Bannach; P.; and Goessner; W.; Vol 1 p 114. Schattauer; Stuttgart New York:548 term: carcinoma goid: MPATH:549 definition: Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma). definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:549 term: developmental and structural abnormality goid: MPATH:55 definition: Developmental and structural abnormalities occurring during embryonic development or during adult life. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:55 term: sarcoma goid: MPATH:550 definition: A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:550 term: sarcoma goid: MPATH:551 definition: A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:551 term: clara cell adenoma goid: MPATH:552 definition: Benign tumor of the Clara cells of the bronchioalveolar epithelium. comment: Merged with MPATH:272 following recommendations of MMHC 2003.[] definition_reference: Book: Hahn; F.F. and Boorman; GA. neoplasia and pre-neoplasia in the lung. In Pathology of Neoplasia and Preneoplasia in Rodents. Vol.2. p 39. (1997) Schattauer ( Stuttgart and New York):552 term: neuritis goid: MPATH:553 definition: Inflammation of a nerve. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:553 term: dystrophy goid: MPATH:554 definition: Regressive changes which may increase in severity, and which may result from defective nutrition or support of a tissue or organ. comment: Most often used for diseases in which a structure does not develop properly (not necessarily in an embryonic context) and undergoes degradation.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:554 term: mineralisation goid: MPATH:555 definition: Deposition of any homogeneous inorganic material. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:555 term: potentially cancerous lesions goid: MPATH:556 definition: Lesions which in some cases have the potential to become progressively growing malignant tumors. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:556 term: aberrant crypt foci goid: MPATH:557 definition: Sensu gastrointsestinal tract. visible microscopically in whole mount colonic tissue. One or more crypts larger than most, have a thickened layer of epithelial cells that stain more intensely with methylene blue. Some have a slit shaped luminal opening, and increased pericryptal space and are elevated from the focal plane of the microscope. ACF is not a histologic diagnosis. comment: Use IEN1 MPATH:130 instead. Suppressed as not strictly a histological diagnosis.[] definition_reference: PMID:12612914:557 term: adenomyoepithelioma goid: MPATH:558 definition: Adenocarcinoma type tumor with both glandular and squamous differentiation. (M-8983/0). definition_reference: PMID:10713680:558 term: acinar adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:559 definition: Tumor composed of small glandular clusters with small lumens. definition_reference: PMID:10713680:559 term: developmental or adult structural defect goid: MPATH:56 definition: Structural, physical or other general defect of prenatal development of the embryo and the placenta, or such as are acquired in the adult. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:56 term: cribriform adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:560 definition: Tumor composed of sheets or nests of cells forming lumens with round, punched out spaces. definition_reference: PMID:10713680:560 term: adenosquamous carcinoma goid: MPATH:561 definition: Mixed adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma. Not yet reported in mice. M-8560/3. definition_reference: PMID:12612914:561 term: torsion goid: MPATH:562 definition: The twisting of a bodily organ or part on its own axis. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:562 term: mucinous carcinoma goid: MPATH:563 definition: carcinoma derived from gastrointestinal epithelium with a high mucinous content. (M-8480/3). definition_reference: PMID:12612914:563 term: glioblastoma goid: MPATH:564 definition: Develop primarily through increasing anaplasia of well differentiated gliomas, mainly astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. Typically large and contain cells of different sizes with irrregular nuclei and atypical mitotic figures. (M-9440/3). comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:564 term: tumors of neurepithelial tissue goid: MPATH:565 definition: Tumors of neuronal and non-neuronal cells derived from embryonic neurepithelium. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:565 term: tumors of the meninges goid: MPATH:566 definition: tumors of the meninges definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:566 term: pilocytic astrocytoma goid: MPATH:567 definition: Glial cell derived tumor composed of bipolar cells with long `hairlike` GFAP-positive processes. (M9421/1). comment: Often cystic in children and generally considered benign.[] definition_reference: Nervous System. Radovsky A and Mahler; J.S. In: Maronpot; R. Pathology of the Mouse. (1999) Cache River Press. Vienna IL:567 term: mixed glioma goid: MPATH:568 definition: Mixed tumor containing astrocytes within an oligodendroglioma or vice versa. In some cases both components may be neoplastic. (M-9382/3). comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:568 term: granular cell tumor goid: MPATH:569 definition: granular cell tumor comment: Subsumed into MP:413 as incidence in meninges, whilst a characteristic lesion, is the same type of tumor as that originally classified under myomatous tumors. Describe meningeal granular cell tumor using MP:413 and the anatomical descriptor.[] definition_reference: ISBN-13:9783794515530:569 term: agenesis goid: MPATH:57 definition: Failure of a tissue or organ to develop. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:57 term: peripheral nervous system tumors goid: MPATH:570 definition: Tumors of the peripheral nervous system. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:570 term: pilomatricoma goid: MPATH:571 definition: Tumor composed of the epithelial components of the most proximal (trichogenic) portion of the hair follicle associated with an aberrent hair cortex type of cornification (ghost cells or shadow cells). The most primitive cellular component consists of basophilic cells having scanty cytoplasm and nuclei that occasionally overlap to some extent. In humans mineralisation is common. definition_reference: See: Gat; U.; DasGupta; R.; Degenstein; L. and Fuchs; E. (1998) De Novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin Cell; 95; 605-614.:571 term: ossifying fibroma goid: MPATH:572 definition: Ossifying fibromas are benign tumors derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts. Occur spontaneously or in response to radiation. Preferentially located in mandible, maxilla and caudal spine. Composed of a characteristically regular trabecular bone pattern embedded in a fibrous stroma. Proliferating component consists of spindle cells which give rise to cuboidal osteoblasts to form rounded bodies or trabeculae. Bone trabeculae resemble the alphabet soup shapes characteristic of fibrous dysplasia in humans. In contrast to fibrous dysplasia the bone trabeculae of ossifying fibroma are mostly lamellar and ringed by active osteoblasts. definition_reference: Book: Luz A; Goessner; W.;and Murray AB.(1991) Ossifying fibroma; mouse. In; Jones TC; Mohr U; Hunt RD (eds) Monographs on pathology of laboratory animals. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Springer; Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo; pp 228-232:572 term: inverted transitional cell papilloma goid: MPATH:573 definition: Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form, in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:573 term: nephroblastomatosis goid: MPATH:574 definition: Persistence of metanephrogenic blastema or its presence in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Associated with hyperplastic nephrogenic rests. definition_reference: PMID:8383276:574 term: basaloid follicular neoplasms goid: MPATH:575 definition: This is a new diagnostic term that the MMHC pathology panel felt best described a diagnostically challenging set of tumors that share the feature of being compose of basaloid cells showing follicular differentiation to some extent. These tumors are common in GEM involving the hedgehog signaling pathway and frequently have more than one of the histologic patterns listed below. The designation of benign and malignant has been excluded from the primary diagnosis purposely, as this is frequently difficult to determine in these characteristically well circumscribed tumors. The presence of a disorganized (non-palisaded) sheet-like growth pattern, tumor necrosis, or numerous mitoses are felt to represent malignant transformation. definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:575 term: trichofolliculoma goid: MPATH:576 definition: Basaloid neoplasm with numerous mature hair follicles and hair formation. definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:576 term: spiradenoma goid: MPATH:577 definition: Cellular neoplasm with well formed palisades of basaloid cells adjacent to less basophilic smaller cells with occasional central deposition of amorphous eosinophilic material. These tumors share some features with cylindroma type tumors but have a less well developed jigsaw puzzle-like architecture and tend to be more cellular. definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification:577 term: trichoblastoma goid: MPATH:578 definition: Basaloid neoplasm with frequent primitive hair follicles. definition_reference: URL:http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification:578 term: ulcer goid: MPATH:579 definition: Loss of epithelium and the basement membrane (full thickness). Cf Erosion. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:579 term: aplasia goid: MPATH:58 definition: Absence of an organ or tissue coupled with persistence of the organ/tissue primordium, which fails to develop completely. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:58 term: erosion goid: MPATH:580 definition: Partial epithelial denudation not penetrating to the basement membrane. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:580 term: desmoplasia goid: MPATH:581 definition: Connective tissue proliferative reaction induced by a neoplastic process. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:581 term: cicatricial alopecia goid: MPATH:582 definition: Scarring of the hair follicle without affecting the adjacent dermis. Pigment may be associated with fibrous tract in pigmented individuals. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:582 term: scarring alopecia goid: MPATH:583 definition: Loss of hair follicles in a diffuse dermal scar. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:583 term: myelofibrosis goid: MPATH:584 definition: In mice the term refers to accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the medullary cavity of bones; usually in old mice. In humans the term is synonymous with myeloid metaplasia. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:584 term: acidophilic macrophage pneumonia goid: MPATH:585 definition: A mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary airways with predominant intra-alveolar macrophage component with intra- and extracellular, elongated, bright eosinophilic/acidophilic crystals. comment: Crystals and acidophilic material have been reported as various materials including Ym1 and Ym2 proteins and blood pigment derivatives and Eotaxin.[] definition_reference: :Murray AB; Luz A ( 1990 ) Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice. Vet Pathol. 27; 274-81:585 term: polycystic disease goid: MPATH:586 definition: A group of degenerative disorders resulting in multiple cysts in tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:586 term: cribriform epididymal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:587 definition: The lesion is characterized microscopically by epithelial cells with atypical hyperchromatic nuclei, vacuolization, intratubular lumina formation, infrequent apoptosis, and rare mitotic figures. In contrast to germ cells, the cells of CEH do not express alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, or S-100. Ultrastructurally, the cells are pleomorphic with stereocilia at their apical borders and within intratubular lumina, and are supported by a basement membrane. CEH does not appear to be a preneoplastic change. comment: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia was initially described as an incidental finding in human orchidectomy specimens. Recently, this condition was also described in mice, homozygous for a targeted mutation in p53.[] definition_reference: Journal: La Perle KM; Blomme EA; Sagartz JE; Capen CC (2002) Epididymal cribriform hyperplasia with nuclear atypia in p53 homozygous knockout. Comp Med. 2002 52:568-71.:587 term: dysplasia goid: MPATH:588 definition: Dysplasia definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:588 term: concretion goid: MPATH:614 definition: Solid material formed by aggregation of discrete units or particles. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:614 term: renal interstitial mineralisation goid: MPATH:758 definition: Small foci of mineralization within the interstitium between tubules. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:758 term: dysplasia goid: MPATH:589 definition: Distortion or deficiency of the tissue or cellular architecture. comment: Note that with respect to developmental processes the term dysplasia is often used with greater specificity to describe aberrant developmental processes of proliferation and differentation, in which case MPATH: 64 Developmental dysplasia should be used.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:589 term: defective branching morphogenesis goid: MPATH:59 definition: Defect in the process determining number, angle, pattern or rate of branching of tubular branched structures eg. Glandular ducts. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:59 term: fibro-osseous lesion goid: MPATH:590 definition: Lesion of bone showing accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption coupled with fibroplasia. Later stages show proliferation of osteoblasts. comment: The benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOL) represent a clinically diverse group of disorders of bone that share similar histopathologic features. As a group, they are relatively common in the craniofacial complex, especially the jaws. Common in some inbred strains notably B6C3F1 females. Note that many of the synonyms have been used historically and may not be accurate. See: Albassam MA, Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Capen CC, Carlton WW, Sundberg JP, Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press, Washington D.C., pp 425-437. AND Albassam MA, Wojcinski ZW, Barsoum NJ, Smith, GS (1991) Spontaneous fibro-osseous proliferative lesions in the sternums and femurs of B6C3F1 mice. Vet Path 28: 381-388.[] definition_reference: Book: Albassam MA; Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In; Mohr U; Dungworth DL; Capen CC; Carlton WW; Sundberg JP; Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press; Washington D.C.; pp 425-437:590 term: fatty infiltration goid: MPATH:591 definition: Accumulation of mature adipose tissue in a healing wound site or otherwise in response to tissue damage. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:591 term: osteopetrosis goid: MPATH:592 definition: Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone and mineralized cartilage, especially in long bones, leading to obliteration of marrow spaces and to anemia with myeloid metaplasia and hepatosplenomegaly beginning in infancy, to bone fragility, and to progressive deafness and blindness. definition_reference: PMID:15625335:592 term: myeloma goid: MPATH:593 definition: Plasma cell myeloma - (ICD-O 9732/3). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:593 term: cystic hyperplasia goid: MPATH:594 definition: Formation of multiple retention cysts from obstruction of ducts or glands by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:594 term: extramedullary hemopoiesis goid: MPATH:595 definition: The formation of and development of blood cells outside the red pulp of the spleen. Composed of varying numbers of megakaryocytes as well as myeloid and erythroid precursors. comment: Production of blood cells in tissues other than the bone marrow. In the mouse, this is usually the liver.[] definition_reference: :Ward; J.M.; Mann; P.C.; Mrishima; H.; and Frith; C.H. Thymus; Spleen and Lymph nodes. Ch 13. p342. In Maronpot; R. Pathology of the Mouse. (1999) Cache River Press. Vienna IL:595 term: pathological process goid: MPATH:596 definition: The organic response of tissues to external insult, injury or underlying genetic or epigenetic lesion. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:596 term: cell and tissue damage process goid: MPATH:597 definition: Processes occurring during cell and tissue damage of either intrinsic or extrinsic etiology. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:597 term: degenerative entity goid: MPATH:598 definition: degenerative entity definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:598 term: developmental process abnormalities goid: MPATH:599 definition: developmental process abnormalities definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:599 term: caseous necrosis goid: MPATH:6 definition: Necrosis characteristic of some inflammatory conditions which represents necrosis with loss of structure of the various cellular and tissue elements; affected tissue manifests a friable, crumbly consistency. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:6 term: communication defect goid: MPATH:60 definition: Failure of two cavities, voids or lumens to connect. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:60 term: branching defect goid: MPATH:600 definition: Aberrant branch or branching pattern of a branched structure such as the bronchus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:600 term: developmental hypertrophy goid: MPATH:601 definition: Increase of the size or cellularity of an organ or tissue as a consequence of loss of normal regulation of cell proliferation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:601 term: hyperplastic tissue goid: MPATH:602 definition: An organ or a tissue with an abnormal increase in the number of cells as a consequence of cell proliferation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:602 term: pathological anatomical entity goid: MPATH:603 definition: Anatomically located instance of pathological response or entity. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:603 term: defective growth and differentiation process goid: MPATH:604 definition: Abnormal increase or decrease in the rate of cell growth or cell division including associated changes in the differentiation state of adult cells. comment: Excludes abnormalities of developmental proliferation and differentiation.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:604 term: metaplastic tissue goid: MPATH:605 definition: A tissue or group of cells in which there has been abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind. comment: Nearly exclusively used in an adult context.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:605 term: neoplasia goid: MPATH:606 definition: The pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a neoplasm. comment: Literally: new growth of cells. Neoplasia refers to the unscheduled or abnormal growth of cells, potentially resulting in a benign or malignant tumour. Neoplasms include potentially cancerous lesions as well as full malignancies but not all neoplasms are potentially cancerous.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:606 term: healing and repair structure goid: MPATH:607 definition: Physical entity or structure associated with normal or abnormal tissue healing or repair following extrinsic or intrinsic damage. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:607 term: abscess goid: MPATH:608 definition: A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation. comment: Generally occur following damage or infection with subsequent inflammatory response. Result of the body`s defensive reaction to foreign material.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:608 term: empyema goid: MPATH:609 definition: Pus in a body cavity; when used without qualification, refers specifically to pyothorax. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:609 term: curvature defect goid: MPATH:61 definition: Inappropriate curvature of a structure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:61 term: angiectasia goid: MPATH:610 definition: Dilatation of a blood vessel or valve. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:610 term: glossitis goid: MPATH:611 definition: Acute or chronic inflammation of the tongue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:611 term: abscess goid: MPATH:612 definition: A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate frequently associated with swelling and other signs of inflammation. comment: Alternately a cavity formed by liquefactive necrosis within solid tissue. Obsoleted by MPATH 608[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:612 term: pigmentation goid: MPATH:613 definition: Coloration, either normal or pathologic, of the skin or tissues resulting from a deposit of pigment. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:613 term: cardiomyopathy goid: MPATH:615 definition: A disease of the heart muscle or myocardium proper. comment: Cardiomyopathies may be classified as either primary or secondary, on the basis of etiology, or on the pathophysiology of the lesion: hypertrophic, dilated, or restrictive.[] definition_reference: :NCI Thesaurus / A7567983:615 term: hyperostosis goid: MPATH:616 definition: Hypertrophy of bone characterised by an abnormal increase in non-neoplastic skeletal bone mass. These may be proliferative or non-proliferative lesions. definition_reference: Long; P.H.; and Leininger; J.R ( 1999) Bones Joints and synovia; p663. in: Pathology of the Mouse. Ed Maronpot; R. Cache River Press:616 term: focus of cellular alteration goid: MPATH:617 definition: Focal lesions of hepatocytes characterised primarily by altered cytoplasmic tinctorial properties. Classified as basophilic, eosinophilic, clear cell or mixed type. comment: More recently amphophilic cell foci, diffusely basophilic cell foci and vacuolated cell foci have been described.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Mohr:617 term: myeloid hyperplasia goid: MPATH:618 definition: Hyperplasia of myeloid lineage, usually in the spleen. comment: Myeloid hyperplasia ia a common diagnosis in mouse spleen. In the normal mouse spleen, a low degree of production of myeloid cells occurs (neutrophils, erythroid cells and megakaryocytes). Commonly in aging mice, due to tumors and inflammatory lesions, the mouse myeloid system in bone marrow and spleen react and become hyperplastic. In the spleen it is diagnosed as myeloid hyperplasia (MH), in the past it was often extramedullary hematopoiesis, which is still used by some but it is normal to a low degree in normal mouse spleen.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:618 term: truncoconal septal defect goid: MPATH:619 definition: Septal defect lying between the aorta and pulmonary trunks caused by failure of the spiral septum to separate the truncus arteriosus. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:619 term: cyst goid: MPATH:62 definition: Formation of an epithelium bounded cavity not associated with neoplasia. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:62 term: inter-atrial septal defect goid: MPATH:620 definition: Incomplete closure of the inter-atrial septum due to failure of the primary or secondary septum. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:620 term: inter-ventricular septal defect goid: MPATH:621 definition: Failure of the inter-ventricular septum to completely close between the left and right ventricles. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:621 term: steatosis goid: MPATH:622 definition: Abnormal retention of lipids within a cell. Physically apparent as lipid within liposomes of parenchymal cells. comment: Most commonly associated with degenerative change in the liver.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:622 term: synechia goid: MPATH:623 definition: An adhesion, usually between the iris and the cornea or the lens capsule. comment: May also be seen in the uterus ( in humans Asherman`s syndrome).[] definition_reference: Millodot; Michel and Daniel Laby. Dictionary of Ophthalmology. London: Butterworth Heinemann; 2002:623 term: involution goid: MPATH:624 definition: Turning in of the edges of a structure. comment: Not return of an enlarged organ to its normal size.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:624 term: avulsion goid: MPATH:625 definition: Tearing away or separation of two structures or parts. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:625 term: prolapse goid: MPATH:626 definition: To sink down, said of an organ or other part. A sinking of an organ or other part, especially its appearance at a natural or artificial orifice. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:626 term: pyogranulomatous inflammation goid: MPATH:627 definition: An inflammatory process in which there is infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells into a more chronic area of inflammation characterized by mononuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and possibly plasma cells. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:627 term: pyogenic granuloma goid: MPATH:628 definition: A small rounded mass of inflamed, highly vascular granulation tissue on the skin, frequently having an ulcerated surface. More likely a true neoplasm rather than a reactive lesion. definition_reference: Mills; S.E.; Cooper; P.H. & Fechner; R.E. (1980). Lobular capillary hemangioma: the underlying lesion of pyogenic granuloma. A study of 73 cases from the oral and nasal mucous membranes. Am J Surg Pathol; 4; 470-9.:628 term: cavernous hemangioma goid: MPATH:629 definition: Deep cutaneous hemangioma with large dilated vascular spaces that manifests spontaneous involution. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:629 term: depletion goid: MPATH:63 definition: The removal of accumulated fluids or solids. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:63 term: karyomegaly goid: MPATH:630 definition: Abnormally increased nuclear size. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:630 term: hypertrophic tissue goid: MPATH:631 definition: Tissue or cells undergoing hypertrophy, MPATH: 159. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:631 term: hepatocytomegaly goid: MPATH:632 definition: Increase in size of hepatocytes characterised by organelle hyperplasia and enlarged cellular volume. comment: Hepatocytomegaly is an enlargement of the hepatocytes and is generally classified into three types: hepatocellular hypertrophy, megalocytosis, and hepatocellular vacuolation. Hepatocellular hypertrophy is an enlargement of cellular diameter without accompanying nuclear changes, leading to a net gain in the dry mass of the liver. Megalocytosis is characterized by enlargement of both the cell and the nucleus, and hepatocellular vacuolation is characterized by vacuolation, or formation of pockets of fluid within the hepatocytes.[] definition_reference: Journal: Ward; J.M.; Anver; M.R.; Haines; D.C. & Benveniste; R.E. (1994). Chronic active hepatitis in mice caused by Helicobacter hepaticus. Am J Pathol; 145; 959-68.:632 term: cholelithiasis goid: MPATH:633 definition: Presence of concretions in the gallbladder or bile ducts. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:633 term: furunculosis goid: MPATH:634 definition: Focal suppurative inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, enclosing a central slough or `core`. definition_reference: ISBN:9780702027888:634 term: hydronephrosis goid: MPATH:635 definition: Swelling of the kidneys when urine flow is obstructed in any of part of the urinary tract. Severe form of pyelectasia. definition_reference: ISBN:9780702027888:635 term: steatitis goid: MPATH:636 definition: Inflammation of fatty tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:636 term: bursal cyst goid: MPATH:637 definition: A retention cyst, resulting from an obstruction to the duct of a gland, within a bursa. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:637 term: cellulitis goid: MPATH:638 definition: An acute, diffuse, spreading, edematous, suppurative inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and sometimes muscle, which may be associated with abscess formation. comment: It is usually caused by infection of an operative or traumatic wound, burn or other cutaneous lesion by various bacteria, but group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common aetiological agents.[] definition_reference: URL:http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?action=Search+OMD&query=cellulitis:638 term: hydrocephalus goid: MPATH:639 definition: Accumulation of water in the ventricles of the brain. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:639 term: developmental dysplasia goid: MPATH:64 definition: Abnormal development (of organs or tissues) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth. comment: The word dysplasia as commonly used refers to a precursor state to neoplasia. This is not the context used for this MPATH term.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:64 term: osteoid deposition goid: MPATH:640 definition: Deposition of organic bone matrix. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:640 term: epidermal inclusion cyst goid: MPATH:641 definition: Intradermal or subcutaneous cyst, the wall of which is stratified epithelium containing keratohyalin granules, surrounding a core of debris. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:641 term: cholesterol deposition goid: MPATH:642 definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of cholesterol. comment: Often diagnosed morphologically by the presence of cholesterol clefts - bare regions of a section where accumulated cholesterol has been removed by histological processing.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:642 term: serous exudate goid: MPATH:643 definition: Non-cellular fluid that filters from the circulatory system and accumulates in lesions or areas of inflammation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:643 term: crystalloid formation goid: MPATH:644 definition: Accumulation of chitinase-like protein. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:644 term: developmental hypoplasia goid: MPATH:65 definition: Underdevelopment of an organ due to a decrease in the number of cells through failure to proliferate leading to lack of development. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:65 term: histiocytosis goid: MPATH:652 definition: Benign proliferation of histiocytes. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:652 term: hemolysis goid: MPATH:656 definition: Rupture or disruption of erythrocytes with release of contents. comment: May be immune-mediated, induced by infectious organisms, or intrinsic disturbance of cell physiology or membrane/cytoskeletal integrity.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Curation:656 term: dilatation goid: MPATH:66 definition: Increase in the diameter of an orifice or tubular structure beyond its normal dimensions. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:66 term: displacement and deformity goid: MPATH:67 definition: Abnormal location, orientation, number, loss or non-specified deformity of a structure or tissue. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:67 term: granulomatous epicarditis goid: MPATH:670 definition: A mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, primarily macrophages and some syncitial cells, around the heart attached to the epicardium. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:670 term: diverticulum goid: MPATH:68 definition: A blind ended outpouching through the wall of a tubular organ or bounded cavity. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:68 term: ectopia goid: MPATH:69 definition: ectopia comment: obsolete - Subsumed into heterotopia MPATH:76[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:69 term: coagulation necrosis goid: MPATH:7 definition: A type of necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are reduced to homogeneous eosinophilic mass without nuclear staining, as a result of the protein coagulation, eg. Infarct. Tissue architecture persists. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:7 term: fistula goid: MPATH:70 definition: An abnormal passage between two internal organs or leading from a cavity to the body surface. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:70 term: pyelectasia goid: MPATH:708 definition: Distension of the renal pelvis by accumulated fluid or urine. comment: May be fetal or adult.[] definition_reference: : "Pathbase Curation":708 term: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:709 definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells composed mainly of small round cells, with some partial skeletal muscle differentiation. definition_reference: ICD-O:8920/3:709 term: fusion defect goid: MPATH:71 definition: Failure of two or more structures ( not voids or lumens) to join together. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:71 term: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:710 definition: Malignant mesenchymal tumor that morphologically and phenotypically resembles embryonal skeletal muscle. comment: Includes spindle cell, botryoid, anaplastic.[] definition_reference: ICD-O:8910/3, ICDO-:8912/3:710 term: pre-sacral teratoma goid: MPATH:718 definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Pre-sacral tumors located in the retrorectal space between the rectum and the sacrococcygeal part of the spine. definition_reference: : "Pathology Curation":718 term: growth acceleration goid: MPATH:72 definition: Increase in the rate of growth of an organism, organ or tissue as a consequence of increased proliferation, reduced cell death, or a combination. Not due to an increase in cell size; see Hypertrophy MPATH: 159. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:72 term: sacrococcygeal teratoma goid: MPATH:721 definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Sacrococcygeal tumors are located at the base of the coccyx. definition_reference: : "MPATH Curation":721 term: rhabdomyoma goid: MPATH:722 definition: Benign stromal tumors of the soft tissue with skeletal muscle differentiation. comment: Adult and fetal types.[] definition_reference: ICD-O:M-8900/0, PMID:3525381:722 term: fibromatosis goid: MPATH:723 definition: Systemic manifestation of MPATH: 407. definition_reference: ICDO:M-8822/1:723 term: xanthoma goid: MPATH:724 definition: Dermal, subcutaneous, or tendinous lesions characterized by accumulations of lipid-laden macrophages often rich in cholesterol. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:724 term: growth arrest goid: MPATH:73 definition: The cessation of fetal or embryonic growth beyond a particular stage. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:73 term: mucometra goid: MPATH:733 definition: A uterus distended with a fluid containing large quantities of mucin. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:733 term: molar hypercementosis goid: MPATH:735 definition: Thickening of the cementum layer of the molars. comment: This is usually a normal adaptive response, serving to improve the functional properties of teeth during aging.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:735 term: ovarian follicular cyst goid: MPATH:736 definition: see comment comment: A variety of cysts develop in the ovary. They are subdivided based on where they develop anatomically. Ovarian follicles in this case become large and fluid filled.[] definition_reference: PS:736 term: retinal degeneration goid: MPATH:737 definition: see comment comment: Usually rd6-outer retinal photoreceptor degeneration[] definition_reference: PS:737 term: uterine cystic endometrial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:738 definition: see comment comment: The uterus of older female mice often becomes distended with numerous fluid filled cysts that extend from the endometrium.[] definition_reference: PS:738 term: sub-retinal hemorrhage goid: MPATH:739 definition: Extravascular blood between retina and choroid definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:739 term: hamartoma goid: MPATH:74 definition: A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm which results from faulty development of an organ; composed of an abnormal mixture of tissue elements, or an abnormal proportion of a single element. Growth and location are usually normal for that tissue cf. Heterotopia/Choristoma MPATH:76/MPATH:477. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:74 term: drusen goid: MPATH:740 definition: Tiny yellow or white deposits of lamellar or amorphous extracellular material that build up between retina and retinal pigment epithelium. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:740 term: splenomegaly goid: MPATH:741 definition: An increase in size of the spleen. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:741 term: intervertebral disk prolapse goid: MPATH:742 definition: Rupture of the intervertebral disc, usually dorsally to compress the spinal cord, secondary to trauma. comment: These become more common with age.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:742 term: hepatic centrolobular fatty metamorphosis goid: MPATH:743 definition: Accumulation of clear large vacuoles in hepatocytes (most likely lipid pending frozen sections and oil red O or other lipid stains) around central veins. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:743 term: pigmentary incontinence goid: MPATH:744 definition: Release of melanin pigment in the dermis. comment: Observed as melanin pigment within macrophages in the dermis. Inflammation in the epidermis stimulates melanocytes to increase the synthesis of melanin and subsequently to transfer the pigment to surrounding keratinocytes. If the basal layer is injured (e.g. lichen planus), melanin pigment is released and subsequently trapped by macrophages in the papillary dermis.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:744 term: zenker`s necrosis goid: MPATH:745 definition: Degenerative changes in skeletal muscle including hyalinization, swelling, fragmentation, vacuolation eventually resulting in death of muscle fibers. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:745 term: cartilagenous erosion goid: MPATH:746 definition: Fragmentation and erosion of articular cartilage. definition_reference: MPATH::Sundberg:746 term: renal tubular amyloidosis goid: MPATH:747 definition: Pink amorphous material (amyloid) deposited within the renal tubules. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:747 term: recanalised thrombus goid: MPATH:748 definition: An old organized thrombus that has been recanalized to permit blood flow. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:748 term: focal pulmonary fibrosis goid: MPATH:749 definition: Various degrees of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:749 term: hernia goid: MPATH:75 definition: Protrusion of a loop or wall of an organ through an abnormal opening. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:75 term: pulmonary adenomatosis goid: MPATH:750 definition: Neoplastic proliferation of cuboidal cells lining alveoli most likely type II pneumocytes. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:750 term: pigment dispersion goid: MPATH:751 definition: Free pigment in anterior chamber/elsewhere in eye. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:751 term: barbered goid: MPATH:752 definition: loss of hair resulting from a behavioral abnormality in which the mouse, or more often other mice mice in the same box, remove hairs, initially vibrissae, from each other. comment: This is a form of trichotillomania.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:752 term: gastric forestomach papillomatous hyperplasia goid: MPATH:753 definition: The forestomach of the mouse is lined by stratified squamous epithelia. At the limiting ridge there is hyperplasia to various degrees in which this epithelium proliferates to form raised areas on thin fibrovascular stalks. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:753 term: splenic hemosiderosis goid: MPATH:754 definition: Spleen contains foci of macrophages containing yellow brown pigment that is positive for iron using Prussian blue. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:754 term: pulmonary interstitial mineralisation goid: MPATH:755 definition: Small foci of mineralization within the interstitium between alveoli. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:755 term: polyarteritis nodosa goid: MPATH:756 definition: Chronic inflammation in and around small and medium sized arteries, often in more than one location. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:756 term: interstitial mineralization goid: MPATH:757 definition: Foci of mineralization within the interstitium of a tissue. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:757 term: hypospermia goid: MPATH:798 definition: Reduced numbers of sperm. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:798 term: pseudocyesis goid: MPATH:759 definition: Appearance of clinical and/or subclinical signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy when the animal is not pregnant comment: Virgin females have mammary acini and ducts dilated to various degrees filled with proteinaceous materials suggestive of lactation or involution.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:759 term: heterotopia goid: MPATH:76 definition: Congenital appearance of a body part or tissue or cell type in a region where it is not normally found ( topographical anomaly). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:76 term: ovarian bursal cyst goid: MPATH:760 definition: Marked dilatation of the ovarian bursa. comment: May compress the ovary[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:760 term: muscle regeneration goid: MPATH:761 definition: Linear palisaiding of nuclei within thin pale muscle fibers suggestive of repair. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:761 term: thyroid follicle pleomorphism goid: MPATH:762 definition: Thyroid gland follicles are filled with colloid but vary greatly in size. comment: Suggestive of goiter or other functional abnormality.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:762 term: sialocele goid: MPATH:763 definition: Salivary gland duct occlusion resulting in massive enlargement forming a large cyst-like structure. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:763 term: fracture goid: MPATH:764 definition: A fracture is the (local) separation of a bone into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:764 term: fracture and healing goid: MPATH:765 definition: Break in bone associated with exostoses. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:765 term: intestinal amyloidosis goid: MPATH:766 definition: The lamina propria is distended with amorphous hyalinized material interpreted to be amyloid protein. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:766 term: meckel`s diverticulum goid: MPATH:767 definition: A Meckel`s diverticulum is a pouch on the wall of the lower part of the intestine that is present at birth. definition_reference: PMH:0001281 "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001281/":767 term: septic necrosis goid: MPATH:768 definition: Necrosis associated with or caused by local bacterial infection. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:768 term: uterine septic necrosis goid: MPATH:769 definition: Necrosis of the uterine wall with large bacterial colonies on its surface. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:769 term: homoeotic change goid: MPATH:77 definition: Stricto sensu: replacement of one body part or tissue by an homologous structure or tissue, but commonly used incorrectly to describe non-homologous transformations better described as heterotopias or ectopias. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:77 term: abnormal organ size goid: MPATH:770 definition: Abnormal organ dimensions or weight definition_reference: MPATH:, MPATH:PNS:770 term: abnormal organ length goid: MPATH:771 definition: Abnormality of extent of the normal long axis definition_reference: MPATH:, MPATH:PNS:771 term: abnormal organ mass goid: MPATH:772 definition: Abnormal mass of organ definition_reference: MPATH:, MPATH:PNS:772 term: abnormal intestine length goid: MPATH:773 definition: Abnormal length of the intestine. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:773 term: focal hepatic coagulative necrosis goid: MPATH:774 definition: Focal necrosis in the liver often but not always associated with thrombosis. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:774 term: compression goid: MPATH:775 definition: Exertion of abnormal force on a structure or structures usually resulting in deformation and damage. definition_reference: mpath:, MPATH:PNS:775 term: spermatocoele goid: MPATH:776 definition: A spermatocoele is a cyst that contains spermatozoa. . comment: They occur in the head of the epididymis or less commonly, in the spermatic cord.[] definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:776 term: urelithiasis goid: MPATH:777 definition: Formation of urinary concretions in any part of the kidney. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:777 term: uretolithiasis goid: MPATH:779 definition: Formation or urinary concretions in the ureter. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:779 term: incomplete closure goid: MPATH:78 definition: Incomplete closure of a void or lumen due to failure of growth or fusion of bounding walls. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:78 term: pseudoxanthoma elasticum goid: MPATH:780 definition: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a progressive disorder characterized by accumulated deposits of calcium and other minerals in elastic fibers. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:780 term: encephalomalacia goid: MPATH:781 definition: Softening of brain tissue, usually caused by vascular insufficiency or degenerative changes. comment: Areas in the brain where the parenchyma is blanched. Cells in this area are pycnotic. This may be the sequela of an infarction.[] definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:781 term: phthisis bulbi goid: MPATH:782 definition: Collapse of the eye globe associated with degenerative changes. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:782 term: b6 dermatitis goid: MPATH:783 definition: Follicular dystrophy, rupture, foreign body reaction, ulceration, scarring, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia are part of a syndrome commonly called B6 dermatitis in black strains of mice. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:783 term: follicular atresia goid: MPATH:784 definition: Degeneration and resorption of an ovarian follicle before it reaches maturity and ruptures. comment: Included here to permit annotation of unusual patterns or atresia; abnormal numbers of atretic follicles or abnoral size or distribution.[] definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:784 term: bone marrow granulopoiesis goid: MPATH:785 definition: Marked production of granulocytes, primarily neutrophils, usually in response to a major acute inflammatory response. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:785 term: inspissation goid: MPATH:786 definition: The drying, thickening and coagulation of extracellular secretions or fluids. definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:786 term: intervertebral disk prolapse ventral goid: MPATH:787 definition: Ventral prolapse of the intervertebral disk. comment: Ventral prolapse is quite rare but found in ageing mice.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:787 term: testicular torsion goid: MPATH:788 definition: The testicle twisted around the vascular tract to constrict flow resulting in liquifactive necrosis of the affected testicle. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:788 term: trichogranuloma goid: MPATH:789 definition: Dermal granuloma surrounding hair fibers. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:789 term: malposition goid: MPATH:79 definition: Abnormal position or orientation of a structure insufficient to be called a heterotopia. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:79 term: bilateral retinal degeneration goid: MPATH:790 definition: Retinal degeneration of both eyes. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:790 term: cartilagenous embolism goid: MPATH:791 definition: Occlusion of a vessel by a piece of dissected cartilage. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:791 term: lymph node reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:792 definition: Proliferation of the reticuloendothelial cells in the medulla of the lymph node. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:792 term: reactive splenomegaly goid: MPATH:793 definition: An increase in the size of the spleen due to ongoing acute or chronic infection. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:793 term: melena goid: MPATH:794 definition: Digested blood in the lumen of the stomach or small intestine, indicative of hemorrhage. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:794 term: psammoma body goid: MPATH:795 definition: Round , often laminar, non-proteinaceous eosinophilic bodies representing calcium deposition. comment: Psammoma bodies are associated with the papillary (nipple-like) histomorphology and are thought to arise from (1) the infarction and calcification of papillae tips and (2) calcification of intralymphatic tumor thrombi.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:795 term: aspermia goid: MPATH:796 definition: Lack of sperm. comment: May be through failure of spermatogenesis, or increased death.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:796 term: spermatogenesis defect goid: MPATH:797 definition: Compromise or abnormality of the process of spermatogenesis definition_reference: MPATH:PNS:797 term: scoliosis goid: MPATH:799 definition: Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine. The spine curves away from the middle or sideways. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:799 term: fat necrosis goid: MPATH:8 definition: Dead and dying adipose tissue, characterized by the formation of small gray or white foci of soapy (saponified) cellular debris. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:8 term: obstruction and stenosis goid: MPATH:80 definition: Occlusion ( partial or complete) of a lumen or space, internally by a space occupying mass or, in the case of stenosis, by local reduction in the diameter of a vessel, duct or the intestine. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:80 term: intervertebral disk prolapse dorsal goid: MPATH:800 definition: Dorsal prolapse of the intervertebral disk. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:800 term: intervertebral disks prolapsed dorsally and ventrally goid: MPATH:801 definition: Presence of dorsal and ventrally prolapsed disks in the same vertebral column. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:801 term: rectal prolapse goid: MPATH:802 definition: Eversion through the anus. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:802 term: trabecular bone thickening goid: MPATH:803 definition: Thickening of trabecular bone. comment: Not osteopetrosis.[] definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:803 term: cavernous lymphangioma goid: MPATH:804 definition: Large numbers of thin-walled dilated lymphatic channels situated in the dermis, subcutis or skeletal muscle. comment: This is a developmental malformation[] definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-261976-4:804 term: cystic hygroma goid: MPATH:805 definition: Variant of cavernous lymphangioma (MPATH:804) showing gross dilatation of lymphatic channels. definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-261976-4:805 term: lymphangioma circumscriptum goid: MPATH:806 definition: Cutaneous grouped collection of thin-walled translucent vessels, which appear at birth or in early infancy and are commonest around the limb girdles. comment: Generally believed to represent a developmental defect but may be associated with surgery.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-261976-4 "Oxford Textbook of Pathology pp 935-6":806 term: hygroma goid: MPATH:807 definition: Large cystic subcutaneous spaces usually found in the flexures, especially around the neck. comment: Obstruction of the developing lymphatics may contribute to their genesis.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-261976-4 "Oxfrod Textbook of Pathology p 927":807 term: lymphedema goid: MPATH:808 definition: Accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by blockage or failure of the lymphatic system. comment: Not be confused with edema arising from venous insufficiency, which is not lymphedema.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0-19-261976-4 "Oxford Textbook of Pathology p 928":808 term: nuchal edema goid: MPATH:809 definition: Edema of the posterior aspect of the fetal neck caused by an accumulation of fluid, usually lymph. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology committee:809 term: perforation goid: MPATH:81 definition: Presence of a hole/channel through a normally imperforate structure often a membrane or septum. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:81 term: follicular dystrophy goid: MPATH:810 definition: Degenerative changes in hair follicles resulting in a deformed hair fiber, sometimes root sheath hyperplasia and follicular rupture. definition_reference: MPATH:Sundberg:810 term: epicardial mineralization goid: MPATH:811 definition: Deposition of minerals in the epicardium. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:811 term: blister goid: MPATH:812 definition: A collection of fluid underneath the top layer of skin (epidermis). comment: Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum or plasma. However, blisters can be filled with blood (known as blood blisters) or with pus (if they become infected).[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:812 term: epidermolysis bullosa lesions goid: MPATH:813 definition: Lesions of a connective tissue disease causing blisters in the skin and mucosal membranes. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:813 term: focal hepatic lipidosis goid: MPATH:814 definition: Locally circumscribed regions of fatty change. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:814 term: macrovesicular lipidosis goid: MPATH:815 definition: subtype of steatosis with Hepatocytes containing a large well-defined single rounded vacuole within each cell, nucleus and cytoplasm displaced to the periphery, definition_reference: PMID: 21191096:815 term: microvesicular lipidosis goid: MPATH:816 definition: Variant form of hepatic steatosis. Hepatocytes partially or completely filled with numerous small lipid vacuoles. Affected hepatocytes may have a foamy appearance.Small vacuoles do not normally displace the nucleus tothe periphery in contrast to macrovesicular lipidosis. definition_reference: PMID:21191096:816 term: hydropic degeneration goid: MPATH:817 definition: Form of degenerative process in which there is Intracytoplasmic fluid accumulation secondary to disturbance of cell membrane integrity. comment: Cytoplasmic vacuolation and ballooning with a centrally located nucleus.[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:817 term: persistent embryonic structure goid: MPATH:82 definition: Persistence of an embryonic structure or tissue into the post-natal period in its normal location; (Chronological/temporal anomaly). definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:82 term: goitre goid: MPATH:820 definition: Increase in size of the thyroid gland caused initially by uniform follicular epithelial hyperplasia generally in response to iodine deficiency. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:820 term: hypoplastic tissue goid: MPATH:821 definition: Tissue showing smaller mass as a consequence of deficient proliferation or premature differentiation. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:821 term: hypoplastic gut associated lymphoid tissue goid: MPATH:822 definition: Reduced mass of GALT resulting form fewer cells. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:822 term: myxofibroma goid: MPATH:823 definition: A benign neoplasm characterized by mucous and fibroblastic tissues. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:823 term: myofibroma goid: MPATH:824 definition: A benign localized neoplasm arising from the subcutaneous tissues and skeletal muscle. It is characterized by the presence of myofibroblastic hyperchromatic spindle cells, hylanized stroma formation, calcification, necrosis, and a multinodular growth pattern. definition_reference: CUI:C1266121 "NCI metathesaurus":824 term: vacuolation goid: MPATH:825 definition: Generation of intracytoplasmic vacuoles otherwise unspecified. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:825 term: granulomatous dermatitis goid: MPATH:826 definition: granulomatous inflammation of the skin definition_reference: MPATH:curation:826 term: chronic dermatitis goid: MPATH:827 definition: chronic inflammation of the skin definition_reference: MPATH:curation:827 term: focal dermatitis goid: MPATH:828 definition: locally demarcated region of inflammation in the skin definition_reference: MPATH:curation:828 term: true hermaphrodite goid: MPATH:829 definition: possession of both ovary and testis due to primary sex determination defect definition_reference: MPATH:curation:829 term: septation defect goid: MPATH:83 definition: Any defect in the formation of septae not describable as perforation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:83 term: regeneration goid: MPATH:830 definition: repair, reproduction, or replacement of lost or injured cells, tissues, or organs. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:830 term: multifocal muscle regeneration goid: MPATH:831 definition: multilocular sites of muscle regeneration with centrally located nuclei. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:831 term: paraphimosis goid: MPATH:832 definition: persistent retraction of the prepuce behind the glans penis comment: generally due to inflammation, but can cause further inflammation which exacerbates the condition[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:832 term: subacute inflammation goid: MPATH:833 definition: transition between acute and chronic inflammation. comment: time varies form a few days to a week or so. Cells mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells, few macrophages or neutrophils. Less hemorrhage, edema and hyperemia.[] definition_reference: mpath:curation:833 term: ovarian tubulostromal tumor goid: MPATH:834 definition: non-malignant neoplasia of the ovary. definition_reference: ISBN:0-944398-45-6 "page 457", MPATH:curation:834 term: acute septic inflammation goid: MPATH:835 definition: acute inflammation due to infection. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:835 term: dermal fibrosis goid: MPATH:836 definition: fibrosis in the skin definition_reference: MPATH:curation:836 term: hepatic mid-zonal fatty metamorphosis goid: MPATH:837 definition: Fatty change in the mid-zonal region of the liver. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:837 term: anaplastic carcinoma goid: MPATH:838 definition: carcinoma with an absence of epithelial structural differentiation. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:838 term: anaplastic hepatocellular carcinoma goid: MPATH:839 definition: anaplastic carcinoma of the liver. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:839 term: supernumerary structure goid: MPATH:84 definition: Additional structure whether normally located or not. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:84 term: granulomatous arthritis goid: MPATH:840 definition: arthitis involving extensive macrophage infiltration into the joint. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:840 term: anopthalmia goid: MPATH:841 definition: Absence of eye. comment: may be uni or bilateral[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:841 term: coccygeal hemivertebrae goid: MPATH:842 definition: abnormally shaped vertebral body often triangular as opposed to rectangular. comment: spontaneous or induced developmental lesion[] definition_reference: PMID:1666161:842 term: stasis goid: MPATH:843 definition: Cessation of movement of a body fluid or liquid. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:843 term: biliary stasis goid: MPATH:844 definition: Cessation of the flow of bile due to bile duct blockage or overproduction. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:844 term: partial abortion goid: MPATH:845 definition: Evidence of residual placenta in utero without embryo. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:845 term: foreign body acute pododermatitis goid: MPATH:846 definition: acute inflammation of the footpad caused by foreign body. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:846 term: granuloma goid: MPATH:847 definition: Collection of epithelioid macrophages into a nodule definition_reference: MPATH:curation:847 term: effacing granuloma goid: MPATH:848 definition: Replacement of normal tissue by granuloma. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:848 term: anaplastic mammary adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:849 definition: poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the mammary gland definition_reference: MPATH:curation:849 term: transdifferentiation goid: MPATH:85 definition: Alteration in the differentiation of a cell or tissue already showing a different, recognisable, differentiated state. comment: This term is generally used in the context of embryonic cells or stem cells.[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:85 term: post-traumatic structural abnormality goid: MPATH:850 definition: Morphological abnormality following trauma or related insult such as infection. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:850 term: auricular deformation goid: MPATH:851 definition: acquired dysmorphology of the external pinna following trauma or infection. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:851 term: plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:852 definition: A condition in which there is an unusually large proportion of plasma cells in tissues, exudates, or blood. definition_reference: MPAHTH:curation:852 term: systemic plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:853 definition: Abnormality of circulating plasma cells definition_reference: MPATH:curation:853 term: cutaneous plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:854 definition: Plasmacytosis in the skin. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:854 term: splendore-hoeppli phenomenon goid: MPATH:855 definition: In vivo formation of intensely eosinophilic material (radiate, star-like, asteroid or club-shaped configurations) around microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and parasites) or biologically inert substances. definition_reference: PMID:18976399:855 term: bullous emphysema goid: MPATH:856 definition: Rupture of alveolar walls result in large rounded open air spaces in the lung definition_reference: MPATH:curation:856 term: multifocal bullous emphysema goid: MPATH:857 definition: mutilocular bullous emphysema definition_reference: MPATH:curation:857 term: capillary hemangioma goid: MPATH:858 definition: Benign proliferation of capillaries made up of closely packed aggregations of capillaries, usually of normal caliber, separated by scant connective stroma. comment: Most common kind of hemangioma thought to be derived from primitive mesenchymal stem cells.[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:858 term: botryomycosis goid: MPATH:859 definition: Chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera. Usually caused by S. aureus. definition_reference: ISBN: 0-7216-2921-0.:859 term: organ specific developmental defect goid: MPATH:86 definition: Developmental defect characteristic of a particular organ or organ system which may be a recognised syndrome or a complex defect showing multiple manifestations. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:86 term: cholecystitis goid: MPATH:860 definition: inflammation of the gall bladder definition_reference: MPATH:curation:860 term: edematous cholecystitis goid: MPATH:861 definition: cholecystitis associated with edema definition_reference: MPATH:curation:861 term: flatus goid: MPATH:862 definition: Accumulation or trapping of air definition_reference: MPATH:curation:862 term: focal ulcerative dermatitis goid: MPATH:863 definition: circumscribed ulceration of the skin penetrating the basement membrane as part of inflammation process. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:863 term: otitis externa goid: MPATH:864 definition: Inflammation of the outer ear. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:864 term: foreign body acute papillomatous glossitis goid: MPATH:865 definition: Papillomatous inflammation of the tongue caused by a foreign body. definition_reference: MPATH:curationf>:865 term: gastric adenomatous hyperplasia goid: MPATH:866 definition: Thickening of the glandular epithelium comment: Often with crystalloid formation[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:866 term: hepatic central vein perivascular fibrosis goid: MPATH:867 definition: Major hepatic vein surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:867 term: uterine ectasia goid: MPATH:868 definition: Dilation of the uterus comment: Usually assciated iwth hydrpometra[] definition_reference: MPATH:curation:868 term: intussception goid: MPATH:869 definition: Condition in which a part of the intestine has invaginated into another section of intestine, definition_reference: MPATH:curation:869 term: germ cell defect goid: MPATH:87 definition: Abnormal morphology, differentiation or location of primordial germ cells or their descendents. Not neoplastic. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:87 term: junctional epidermolysis bullosa goid: MPATH:870 definition: severe type of the disorder generally apparent at birth.Junctional epidermolysis bullosa involves defects in hemidesmosomes. t definition_reference: MPATH:curation:870 term: spinal structural defects goid: MPATH:871 definition: Structural defects of the bony and muscular components of the vertebrae. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:871 term: kyphosis goid: MPATH:872 definition: Abnormality of the kyphotic curvature of the spine. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:872 term: micropthalmia goid: MPATH:873 definition: Reduced size of the eye globe. definition_reference: MPATH:curation:873 term: plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:874 definition: Plasmacytosis is a hyperplastic condition in which there is an unusually large proportion of mature plasma cells in tissues, exudates, or blood. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:874 term: cutaneous plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:875 definition: cutaneous manifestation of plasmacytosis definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:875 term: systemic plasmacytosis goid: MPATH:876 definition: systemic manifestation of plasmacytosis. Disseminated in the circulation. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:876 term: pneumonia goid: MPATH:877 definition: An inflammatory condition of the lung, especially affecting the alveoli, associated with fever, chest symptoms, and congestion. comment: Typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes. Infectious agents include: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.[] definition_reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumonia:877 term: foreign body aspiration pneumonia goid: MPATH:878 definition: Pneumonia caused by aspiration of a foreign body. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:878 term: gingivitis goid: MPATH:879 definition: Inflammation of the tooth gum definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:879 term: nephroblastomatosis goid: MPATH:88 definition: nephroblastomatosis comment: Obsolete - subsumed into MPATH:82[] definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:88 term: foreign body gingivitis goid: MPATH:880 definition: inflammation of the tooth gum caused by a foreign body. comment: Generally caused by hair or food debris[] definition_reference: MAPTH:, MPATH:Pathology Committee:880 term: reactive fibrosis goid: MPATH:881 definition: Fibrotic reaction to presence of a foreign body. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:881 term: hepatic peri-ductal inflammation goid: MPATH:882 definition: Inflammatory cell infiltrate around bile ducts within the liver. definition_reference: MPATH:JPS:882 term: pneumonitis goid: MPATH:883 definition: An interstitial, granulomatous, fibrosing inflammation of the lung, especially of the bronchioles and alveoli. definition_reference: MPATH:JPS:883 term: histiocytic pneumonitis goid: MPATH:884 definition: Pneumonitis involving subpleural histiocytosis. definition_reference: MPATH:JPS:884 term: metastatic tumor goid: MPATH:885 definition: metastatic tumour of unspecified origin definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:885 term: pulmonary metastasis goid: MPATH:886 definition: Metastatic tumour of unspecified origin in the lung. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:886 term: lymphatic metastasis goid: MPATH:887 definition: Metastatic tumor in the lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes of unspecified origin. definition_reference: MPATH:Pathology Committee:887 term: onychogryphosis goid: MPATH:888 definition: Hypertrophy of the nail bed resulting in abnormally long, curved and thickened nails. definition_reference: MPATH:JPS:888 term: cardiovascular developmental defect goid: MPATH:89 definition: Abnormal development of the heart or vascular tissue resulting in morphological abnormality. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:89 term: fibrinoid necrosis goid: MPATH:9 definition: Necrosis in which the necrotic tissue shows deeply eosinophilic staining similar to that of fibrin. comment: Frequently occurs in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue in diseases such as disseminated Lupus erythrematosis and polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and rheumatic fever.[] definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:9 term: aneurysm goid: MPATH:90 definition: Localised dilation of an artery or heart chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the artery or chamber. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:90 term: arteriovenous anastomosis goid: MPATH:91 definition: Formation of vessels between arterioles and venules bypassing capillary circulation. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:91 term: cardiac defect goid: MPATH:92 definition: Structural, organisational or growth related defects in cardiac development. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:92 term: cardiac septation defect goid: MPATH:93 definition: Abnormality in the wall between the atria or ventricles, or defects in the truncoconal septum, of the heart; usually incomplete closure. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:93 term: valve defect goid: MPATH:94 definition: Malformation of the membranous folds of the heart that prevent reflux of fluid. definition_reference: Pathbase: Curation:94 term: hypertrophic ventricle goid: MPATH:95 definition: Thickening of the wall of one or both of the heart ventricles. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:95 term: hypoplastic ventricle goid: MPATH:96 definition: Reduction in cell number of one or both of the two lower chambers of the heart. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:96 term: dissecting aneurysm goid: MPATH:97 definition: Follows the presence of a hematoma in the wall of an artery Splitting of the media occurs, blood enters the split through a tear in the intima. definition_reference: ISBN:0781727286:97 term: lymphangiectasis goid: MPATH:98 definition: A stretching and widening of the lymphatic vessels. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:98 term: varices goid: MPATH:99 definition: An enlarged and often tortuous vein. definition_reference: Pathbase: Pathology Committee:99