!autogenerated-by: Pathbase version 2.2 !saved-by: mgruenb !date: Wed Sep 10 09:27:54 BST 2008 !version: $Revision: 2.0 $ !MPATH Pathology definitions ! term: cell and tissue damage goid: MPATH:1 definition: The sum of morphological and functional disturbances induced by cell and tissue damage, either from intrinsic gene dysfunction or as a result of external factors. definition_reference: PS:1 term: apoptosis goid: MPATH:3 definition: Energy dependent cell death induced by intrinsic genetic or developmental programme, or external stimuli such as addition or withdrawal of cytokines or trophic factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic agents etc. Characterised by cell shrinkage, increases in membrane permeability, endonucleolyis and nuclear fragmentation resulting in the formation of rapidly endocytosed apoptotic bodies. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:3 term: necrosis goid: MPATH:4 definition: Morpholological changes after intravital (Pathologic) death of one or more cells, or of a portion of tissue or organ, resulting from irreversible damage;characterised by mitochondrial swelling, nuclear pyknosis, karyolysis, swollen and abnormally pale basophilic staining; or karyorrhexis, rupture and fragmentation of the nucleus. Energy independent cf. Apoptosis MPATH 3 definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:4 term: bridging necrosis goid: MPATH:5 definition: Area of liver necrosis that bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:5 term: caseous necrosis goid: MPATH:6 definition: Necrosis characteristic of some inflammatory conditions which represents necrosis with loss of structure of the various cellular and tissue elements; affected tissue manifests a friable, crumbly consistency. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:6 term: coagulation necrosis goid: MPATH:7 definition: A type of necrosis in which the affected cells or tissue are reduced to homogeneous eosinophilic mass without nuclear staining, as a result of the protein coagulation.eg. Infarct. Tissue architecture persists. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:7 term: fat necrosis goid: MPATH:8 definition: Dead and dying adipose tissue, characterized by the formation of small gray or white foci of soapy ( saponified ) cellular debris definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:8 term: fibrinoid necrosis goid: MPATH:9 definition: Necrosis in which the necrotic tissue shows deeply eosinophilic staining similar to that of fibrin. comment: Frequently occurs in the walls of blood vessels and in connective tissue in diseases such as disseminated Lupus erythrematosis and polyarteritis nodosa, scleroderma, dermatomyositis and rheumatic fever. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:9 term: gangrene goid: MPATH:10 definition: Extensive necrosis from whatever cause, often following chronic ischaemia. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:10 term: hemorrhagic necrosis goid: MPATH:11 definition: Necrosis associated with local haemorrhage definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:11 term: liquefactive necrosis goid: MPATH:12 definition: Soft or fluid tissue remains of a circumscribed area of necrosis digested by proteolytic enzymes definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:12 term: piecemeal necrosis goid: MPATH:13 definition: Sensu; hepaticobiliary system. Loss and degeneration of hepatocytes at the portal-lobular interface producing a moth-eaten irregular appearance. Piecemeal necrosis is associated with a lymphocytic infiltrate. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:13 term: degenerative change goid: MPATH:14 definition: Degenerative changes in tissues organs or cells definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:14 term: general degenerative change goid: MPATH:15 definition: Change of tissue to a lower state of integrity or less functional form, as in heart failure. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:15 term: myxoid/myxomatous degeneration goid: MPATH:16 definition: A conversion of the connective tissues into a gelatinous or mucous substance definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:16 term: subcellular defect goid: MPATH:17 definition: Defect of a subcellular structure or organelle definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:17 term: cytoskeletal defect goid: MPATH:18 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the cytoskeleton definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:18 term: endoplasmic reticulum defect goid: MPATH:19 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the endoplasmic reticulum definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:19 term: golgi defect goid: MPATH:20 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the golgi apparatus definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:20 term: lysosomal defect goid: MPATH:21 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the lysosomes definition_reference: PS:21 term: mitochondrial defect goid: MPATH:22 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the mitochondria definition_reference: PS:22 term: peroxysomal defect goid: MPATH:23 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the peroxysomes definition_reference: PS:23 term: plasma membrane defect goid: MPATH:24 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the plasma membrane definition_reference: PS:24 term: tissue specific degenerative process goid: MPATH:25 definition: Degenerative process characteristic of a particular tissue definition_reference: PS:25 term: alopecia goid: MPATH:26 definition: Absence of hair or loss of hair definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:26 term: arthrosis goid: MPATH:27 definition: Changes characterized by erosion of articular cartilage, either primary or secondary to trauma or other conditions. Not primarily an inflammatory process. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:27 term: atherosclerosis goid: MPATH:28 definition: Characterised by irregular lipid deposits in the wall of arteries, causing narrowing of their lumens and proceeding eventually to fibrosis and calcification. comment: Note that in mouse and rats the initial lesions are mostly in the medial layer while in human they occur in the intima. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:28 term: cataract goid: MPATH:29 definition: Opacity of the lens definition_reference: Smith, R.S., Sundberg, J.P., Linder, C.C. (1997) Mouse mutations as models for studying cataracts. Pathobiology 65; 146-154:29 term: cystic medial necrosis goid: MPATH:30 definition: Loss of muscle fibers and elastin in the media of the aorta, with accumulation of mucopolysaccharide. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:30 term: emphysema goid: MPATH:31 definition: Abnormal accumulation of air in the interstitial connective tissue of a structure. Sensu Lung: Pulmonary emphysema; characterised by abnormal increase in the size of air (alveolar) spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole with degenerative changes in their walls and reduction in their number definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Curation:31 term: glaucoma goid: MPATH:32 definition: Increase in the intraocular pressure definition_reference: PS:32 term: intracellular and extracellular accumulation goid: MPATH:33 definition: Accumulation of substances within, on the surface of or between cells. definition_reference: PS:33 term: bile deposition goid: MPATH:35 definition: Intra- or extracellular deposition of bile pigments and their metabolites definition_reference: PS:35 term: calcium deposition goid: MPATH:36 definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of calcium usually as calcium phosphate. definition_reference: PS:36 term: ceroid deposition goid: MPATH:37 definition: Intracellular deposition of golden or yellow-brown pigment, acid fast and insoluble in lipid solvents. Believed to be a type of lipofuscin. definition_reference: PS:37 term: copper deposition goid: MPATH:38 definition: Intra and extracellular deposition of copper and copper containing proteins. definition_reference: PS:38 term: glycogen deposition goid: MPATH:39 definition: Intracellular deposition of glycogen definition_reference: PS:39 term: hyalinosis goid: MPATH:40 definition: Intracellular deposition of eosinophilic material. definition_reference: Haines, D.C., Chattopadhyay, S. and Ward, J.M. (2001) Pathology of aging B6;129 mice. Toxicol Pathol, 29, 653-661.:40 term: iron deposition goid: MPATH:41 definition: Extra- or intra-cellular deposition of iron, iron containing proteins or hemosiderin definition_reference: PS:41 term: lipid deposition goid: MPATH:42 definition: Extra or intracellular deposition of lipid definition_reference: PS:42 term: lipofuscin deposition goid: MPATH:43 definition: Intracellular deposition of brown pigment granules probably representing lipid-containing residues of lysosomal digestion. Often age related. definition_reference: PS:43 term: melanin deposition goid: MPATH:44 definition: Intra or extracellular deposition of melanin definition_reference: PS:44 term: protein deposition goid: MPATH:45 definition: Non-specified intra or extracellular deposition of protein definition_reference: PS:45 term: uric acid deposition goid: MPATH:46 definition: Extracellular deposition of uric acid crystals. definition_reference: PS:46 term: intracellular and extracellular depletion goid: MPATH:47 definition: Loss of specific intra- and extracellular substances definition_reference: PS:47 term: decalcification goid: MPATH:48 definition: Process of loss of calcium from normally calcified tissue, usually bone definition_reference: PS:48 term: demyelination goid: MPATH:49 definition: Reduction of myelin content in neuronal sheath definition_reference: PS:49 term: glycogen depletion goid: MPATH:50 definition: Reduction in intracellular glycogen content definition_reference: PS:50 term: hypocalcification goid: MPATH:51 definition: Intrinsic abnormally low level of calcification in a tissue cf. MPATH: 48 definition_reference: PS:51 term: lipid depletion goid: MPATH:52 definition: Reduction in cellular or plasma lipid content definition_reference: PS:52 term: osteopenia goid: MPATH:53 definition: Reduced bone mass due to inadequate synthesis of osteoid, resulting in decreased calcification. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase curation:53 term: osteoporosis goid: MPATH:54 definition: Reduction in the quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue. More severe than MPATH: 53 with gross changes to bone matrix. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:54 term: developmental and structural abnormality goid: MPATH:55 definition: Developmental and structural abnormalities occurring during, as a consequence of, or subsequent to embryonic development. definition_reference: PS:55 term: general developmental defect goid: MPATH:56 definition: Structural, functional or other general defect of prenatal development of the embryo or the placenta definition_reference: PS:56 term: agenesis goid: MPATH:57 definition: Failure of a tissue or organ to develop definition_reference: PS:57 term: aplasia goid: MPATH:58 definition: Absence of an organ or tissue coupled with persistence of the organ/tissue primordium, which fails to develop completely definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:58 term: branching morphogenesis defect goid: MPATH:59 definition: Defect in the number, angle, pattern or rate of branching of tubular branched structures eg. Glandular ducts. definition_reference: PS:59 term: communication defect goid: MPATH:60 definition: Failure of two cavities, voids or lumens to connect definition_reference: PS:60 term: curvature defect goid: MPATH:61 definition: Inappropriate curvature of a structure definition_reference: PS:61 term: cyst goid: MPATH:62 definition: Formation of an epithelium bounded cavity not associated with neoplasia definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:62 term: depletion goid: MPATH:63 definition: The removal of accumulated fluids or solids definition_reference: PS:63 term: developmental dysplasia goid: MPATH:64 definition: Abnormal development (of organs or tissues) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth comment: The word dysplasia as commonly used refers to a precursor state to neoplasia. This is not the context used for this MPATH term. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:64 term: developmental hypoplasia goid: MPATH:65 definition: Underdevelopment of an organ due to a decrease in the number of cells through failure to proliferate leading to lack of development. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:65 term: dilatation goid: MPATH:66 definition: Increase in the diameter of an orifice or tubular structure beyond its normal dimensions. definition_reference: PS:66 term: displacement and deformity goid: MPATH:67 definition: Abnormal location, orientation or non-specified deformity of a structure or tissue not strictly a heterotopia definition_reference: PS:67 term: diverticulum goid: MPATH:68 definition: A blind ended outpouching through the wall of a tubular organ or bounded cavity definition_reference: PS:68 term: ectopia goid: MPATH:69 definition: see comment comment: obsolete - Subsumed into heterotopia MPATH:76 definition_reference: PS:69 term: fistula goid: MPATH:70 definition: An abnormal passage between two internal organs or leading from a cavity to the body surface definition_reference: PS:70 term: fusion defect goid: MPATH:71 definition: Failure of two or more structures ( not voids or lumens) to join together definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee:71 term: growth acceleration goid: MPATH:72 definition: Increase in the rate of growth of an organism, organor tissue as a consequence of increased proliferation, reduced cell death, or a combination. Not due to an increase in cell size; see Hypertrophy MPATH: 159 definition_reference: PS:72 term: growth arrest goid: MPATH:73 definition: The cessation of fetal or embryonic growth beyond a particular stage definition_reference: PS:73 term: hamartoma goid: MPATH:74 definition: A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm which results from faulty development of an organ; composed of an abnormal mixture of tissue elements, or an abnormal proportion of a single element. Growth and location are usually normal for that tissue cf. Heterotopia/Choristoma MPATH:76/MPATH:477 definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:74 term: hernia goid: MPATH:75 definition: Protrusion of a loop or wall of an organ through an abnormal opening. definition_reference: PS:75 term: heterotopia goid: MPATH:76 definition: Congenital appearance of a body part or tissue or cell type in a region where it is not normally found ( topographical anomaly) definition_reference: PS:76 term: homoeotic change goid: MPATH:77 definition: Stricto sensu: replacement of one body part or tissue by an homologous structure or tissue, but commonly used incorrectly to describe non-homologous transformations better described as heterotopias or ectopias. definition_reference: PS:77 term: incomplete closure goid: MPATH:78 definition: Incomple closure of a void or lumen due to failure of growth or fusion of bounding walls. definition_reference: PS:78 term: malposition goid: MPATH:79 definition: Abnormal position or orientation of a structure insufficient to be called a heterotopia definition_reference: PS:79 term: obstruction and stenosis goid: MPATH:80 definition: Occlusion ( partial or complete) of a lumen or space, internally by a space occupying mass or, in the case of stenosis, by local reduction in the diameter of a vessel, duct or the intestine. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:80 term: perforation goid: MPATH:81 definition: Presence of a hole/channel through a normally imperforate structure often a membrane or septum. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:81 term: persistent embryonic structure goid: MPATH:82 definition: Persistence of an embryonic structure or tissue into the post-natal period in its normal location.( Chronological/temporal anomaly) definition_reference: PS:82 term: septation defect goid: MPATH:83 definition: Any defect in the formation of septae not describable as perforation definition_reference: PS:83 term: supernumerary structure goid: MPATH:84 definition: Additional structure whether normally located or not. definition_reference: PS:84 term: transdifferentiation goid: MPATH:85 definition: Alteration in the differentiation of a cell or tissue already showing a different, recognisable, differentiated state. comment: This term is generally used in the context of embryonic cells or stem cells. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:85 term: organ specific developmental defect goid: MPATH:86 definition: Developmental defect characteristic of a particular organ or organ system which may be a recognised syndrome or a complex defect showing multiple manifestations. definition_reference: PS:86 term: germ cell defect goid: MPATH:87 definition: Abnormal morphology, differentiation or location of primordial germ cells or their descendents. Not neoplastic. definition_reference: PS:87 term: nephroblastomatosis goid: MPATH:88 definition: see comment comment: Obsolete - subsumed into MPATH:82 definition_reference: PS:88 term: cardiovascular developmental defect goid: MPATH:89 definition: Abnormal development of the heart or vascular tissue resulting in morphological abnormality definition_reference: PS:89 term: aneurysm goid: MPATH:90 definition: Localised dilation of an artery or heart chamber usually due to an acquired or congenital weakness of the wall of the artery or chamber definition_reference: PS:90 term: arteriovenous anastomosis goid: MPATH:91 definition: Formation of vessels between arterioles and venules bypassing capillary circulation. definition_reference: PS:91 term: cardiac defect goid: MPATH:92 definition: Structural, organisational or growth related defects in cardiac development definition_reference: PS:92 term: cardiac septation defect goid: MPATH:93 definition: Abnormality in the wall between the atria or ventricles, or defects in the truncoconal septum, of the heart; usually incomplete closure. definition_reference: PS:93 term: valve defect goid: MPATH:94 definition: Malformation of the membranous folds of the heart that prevent reflux of fluid definition_reference: PS:94 term: ventricular hypertrophy goid: MPATH:95 definition: Thickening of the wall of one or both of the heart ventricles. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:95 term: ventricular hypoplasia goid: MPATH:96 definition: Reduction in cell number of one or both of the two lower chambers of the heart definition_reference: PS:96 term: dissecting aneurysm goid: MPATH:97 definition: Follows the presence of a hematoma in the wall of an artery Splitting of the media occurs, blood enters the split through a tear in the intima. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:97 term: lymphangiectasis goid: MPATH:98 definition: syn: Lymphectasia; telangiectasia lymphatica. comment: A stretching and widening of the lymphatic vessels. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:98 term: varices goid: MPATH:99 definition: An enlarged and often tortuous vein. definition_reference: PS:99 term: placental abnormality goid: MPATH:100 definition: Defect in placental growth, differentiation of circulation; maternal or embryonic componant definition_reference: PS:100 term: glycogen cell defect goid: MPATH:101 definition: Lack of, displacement of, or abnormality in function or growth of the glycogen cells. definition_reference: PS:101 term: labyrinth zone defect goid: MPATH:102 definition: Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the labyrintine zone of the placenta definition_reference: PS:102 term: placental vascular defect goid: MPATH:103 definition: Any defect in the maternal or embryonic placental circulation definition_reference: PS:103 term: spongiotrophoblast defect goid: MPATH:104 definition: Defect in size, cellular composition, function or organisation of the spongiotrophoblast zone of the placenta definition_reference: PS:104 term: circulation disorder goid: MPATH:105 definition: Failure of, or atypical movement of blood throughout the body definition_reference: PS:105 term: fluid accumulation goid: MPATH:106 definition: Abnormal accumulation of fluid; blood or lymph definition_reference: PS:106 term: congestion goid: MPATH:107 definition: Presence of an abnormal amount of fluid (but especially of blood) in the vessels or passages of a part or organ definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:107 term: disseminated intravascular coagulation goid: MPATH:108 definition: A syndrome consequent to uncontrolled activation of blood clotting factors leading to disseminated platelet lysis, and fibrin deposition, ultimately leading to bleeding and necrosis as a consequence of inhibition of fibrin polymerisation by degradation products. comment: Diagnosed by microthrombi in many organs definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:108 term: edema goid: MPATH:109 definition: An accumulation of an excessive amount of watery fluid in cells or intercellular tissues definition_reference: PS:109 term: embolus goid: MPATH:110 definition: A plug formed from a variety of materials occluding a vessel or tube. definition_reference: PS:110 term: air embolism goid: MPATH:111 definition: An bubble of air occluding flow through a blood or lymphatic vessel. definition_reference: PS:111 term: amniotic fluid embolism goid: MPATH:112 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of amniotic fluid, cell and debris into the maternal circulation. definition_reference: PS:112 term: atrial embolism goid: MPATH:113 definition: Occlusion of the outflow tract of the right atrium by a thrombus definition_reference: PS:113 term: bone marrow embolism goid: MPATH:114 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of bone marrow, often fatty debris into the circulation. Usally following trauma definition_reference: PS:114 term: fat embolism goid: MPATH:115 definition: Occlusion of vessels caused by entry of lipid or fatty cells into the circulation. Usually following trauma definition_reference: PS:115 term: pulmonary embolism goid: MPATH:116 definition: Occlusion of pulmonary vessels by an embolus definition_reference: PS:116 term: skin embolism goid: MPATH:117 definition: Occlusion of vessels, usually small arterioles in the dermis by various emboli definition_reference: PS:117 term: systemic embolism goid: MPATH:118 definition: Production of systemic vessel occlusion by emboli released from the left side of the heart, or the aorta. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:118 term: hemorrhage and non-specified extravasation goid: MPATH:119 definition: Abnormal release of whole blood or the cellular component from the circulation definition_reference: PS:119 term: ecchymosis goid: MPATH:120 definition: A red/purple patch caused by extravasation of blood into the skin. Larger than petechiae. comment: May also be used for any organ, although more generally used with respect to the skin. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:120 term: hematoma goid: MPATH:121 definition: A localised deposition of clotted or partially clotted extravasated blood. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:121 term: petechia goid: MPATH:122 definition: Small hemorrhagic spots in the skin caused by blood vessel breakdown. comment: Usually used with reference to the skin but can be used in the context of other organs. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:122 term: purpura goid: MPATH:123 definition: Purple and variously colored lesions caused by extensive haemorrhage into the skin through eccymoses/petechia definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:123 term: infarction goid: MPATH:124 definition: An area of necrosis resulting from a sudden cessation of arterial or venous blood supply. definition_reference: PS:124 term: thrombosis goid: MPATH:125 definition: Presence of an occluding or mural thrombus in a blood vessel definition_reference: PS:125 term: growth and differentiation defect goid: MPATH:126 definition: Defects in growth (changes in proliferation or mass) and differentiation of cells tissues or organs. definition_reference: PS:126 term: atrophy goid: MPATH:127 definition: A reduction in size of organs or tissues as a result of cell death, loss of cellularity of whatever cause, reduced cellular proliferation or decreased cellular volume. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:127 term: intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:128 definition: Non-invasive changes characterized by alteration in the size, shape and organization of the cellular components of an epithelial tissue. Do not confuse with developmental dysplasia MPATH:64 comment: This term has been previously used as a synonym for pre-malignant dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and is now to be preferred. definition_reference: Ward, J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15, 123-128:128 term: epithelial dysplasia goid: MPATH:129 definition: see comment comment: obsolete due to renaming of preneoplastic dysplasias and Intraepithelial neoplasias Use MPATH:128 definition_reference: PS:129 term: mild intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:130 definition: Mild non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. definition_reference: Ward, J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15, 123-128:130 term: moderate intra-epithelial epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:131 definition: Moderate non-invasive changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. definition_reference: Ward, J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15, 123-128:131 term: severe intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:132 definition: Severe non-invasive malignancy associated changes in cell morphology and tissue architecture confined to the epithelium alone. comment: carcinoma in situ may be used in some systems as a synonym definition_reference: Ward, J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15, 123-128:132 term: hypoplasia goid: MPATH:133 definition: Small organ or structure; failure to develop to normal size. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:133 term: hyperplasia goid: MPATH:134 definition: An increase in cell numbers in comparison to normal as a consequence of increased cell proliferation. Non -neoplastic process. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:134 term: epithelial and stromal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:135 definition: Abnormal proliferation of epithelial and stromal cells definition_reference: PS:135 term: fibroepithelial polyp goid: MPATH:136 definition: A polypoid outgrowth of both epidermis and dermal fibrovascular tissue definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:136 term: fibroglandular hyperplasia goid: MPATH:137 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular epithelium accompanied by proliferation of fibroblastic stroma. definition_reference: PS:137 term: epithelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:138 definition: Abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells and epithelial components. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:138 term: goblet cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:139 definition: Benign proliferation of goblet cells definition_reference: PS:139 term: hyperplastic polyp goid: MPATH:140 definition: A benign polyp, usually in the colon, showing hyperplasia definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:140 term: inflammatory polyp goid: MPATH:141 definition: A projecting mass of granulation tissue which may become covered by regenerating epithelium definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:141 term: intraductal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:142 definition: Benign hyperplasia of the ducts of the mammary gland. Ducts exhibit more than the usual two layer epithelium (inner cuboidal to columnar cells; outer layer of myoepithelium)without cytological atypia. definition_reference: Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.:142 term: microglandular hyperplasia goid: MPATH:143 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular epithelia, eg. Endocervical glands. Consists of tightly packed glandular or tubular units, which vary in size, lined by a flattened-to-cuboidal epithelium. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:143 term: myoepithelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:144 definition: Benign proliferation of glandular myoepithelial cells definition_reference: PS:144 term: fat cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:145 definition: Benign proliferation of adipose tissue definition_reference: PS:145 term: histiocytosis goid: MPATH:146 definition: Benign proliferation of histiocytes definition_reference: PS:146 term: lymphoid hyperplasia goid: MPATH:147 definition: Benign enlargement of lymphoid tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:147 term: squamous hyperplasia goid: MPATH:149 definition: Benign proliferation of epidermal cells with hyperkeratosis. Variable growth pattern, regular to papillary (exophytic squamous cell hyperplasia) definition_reference: PS:149 term: acanthosis goid: MPATH:150 definition: Hyperplasia of the Malpighian layer (prickle cell) of the epidermis. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:150 term: actinic keratosis goid: MPATH:151 definition: Discrete, flat or elevated, verrucous, keratotic lesions. Epidermal changes are characterized by acanthosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratoses. Dysplastic change is present and the keratinocytes vary in size and shape. Associated with UV exposure in humans.Not defined in mice to date. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:151 term: basal cell hyperplasia goid: MPATH:152 definition: Benign proliferation of the basal layer cells of the skin definition_reference: PS:152 term: hypergranulosis goid: MPATH:153 definition: Increased thickness of the granular layer of a stratified squamous epithelium, associated with hyperorthokeratosis definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:153 term: hyperkeratosis goid: MPATH:154 definition: Thickening of the surface layers (stratum corneum) in the skin or other stratified squamous epithelium. cf. ortho- and para-keratosis definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:154 term: orthokeratosis goid: MPATH:155 definition: Thickening of the anuclear cell layer limited to the stratum corneum, as in a stratified squamous epithelium. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:155 term: parakeratosis goid: MPATH:156 definition: Thickening of the surface cell layer of a stratified squamous epithelium with retention of nuclei in the cells of the stratum corneum. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:156 term: pseudoepithelioma/pseudocarcinoma goid: MPATH:157 definition: Benign hyperplasia and downgrowth of epidermal cells. Microscopically resembling well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:157 term: seborrheic keratosis goid: MPATH:158 definition: Superficial, benign, verrucous, often pigmented, greasy lesions consisting of proliferating epidermal cells, resembling basal cells, enclosing cornifying cysts. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee:158 term: hypertrophy goid: MPATH:159 definition: Increase in size or mass of a cell, tissue or organ without increase in cell proliferation. Cf. Hyperplasia MPATH: 133 definition_reference: PS:159 term: metaplasia goid: MPATH:160 definition: Abnormal transformation of an fully differentiated adult cell or tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind. An instance of transdifferentiation MPATH:85 Traditionally defined as a form of abnormal regeneration in which a type of cell different from that found normally in a given location is produced definition_reference: PS:160 term: cartilaginous metaplasia goid: MPATH:161 definition: Metaplasia resulting in heterotopic formation of cartilage definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:161 term: epithelial metaplasia goid: MPATH:162 definition: Metaplasia occurring within epithelia definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:162 term: apocrine metaplasia goid: MPATH:163 definition: Alteration of acinar epithelium of, for example, mammary tissue to resemble apocrine glands. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:163 term: gastric metaplasia goid: MPATH:164 definition: Appearance of heterotopic gastric epithelium definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:164 term: glandular metaplasia goid: MPATH:165 definition: Development of heterotopic glandular epithelia definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:165 term: goblet cell metaplasia goid: MPATH:166 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of mucus secreting goblet cells definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:166 term: intestinal metaplasia goid: MPATH:167 definition: Appearance of heterotopic intestinal epithelium definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:167 term: lipomatous metaplasia goid: MPATH:168 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of fat cells definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:168 term: nephrogenic metaplasia goid: MPATH:169 definition: .A rare benign neoplasm of the mucosa of the urinary bladder or the urethra, consisting of tubular structures resembling those of the nephron definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:169 term: oncocytic metaplasia goid: MPATH:170 definition: Appearance of oncocytic cells in for example an epithelium or tumor comment: An oncocyte is an acidophilic cell containing numerous mitochondria - an oxophil cell. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:170 term: squamous metaplasia goid: MPATH:171 definition: Change of a glandular or mucosal epithelium into squamous epithelium. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:171 term: transitional cell metaplasia goid: MPATH:172 definition: Metaplastic response of the transitional epithelium, for example in the bladder to give squamous metaplasia and glandular metaplasia for example. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:172 term: myeloid metaplasia goid: MPATH:173 definition: A progressive disease of the bone marrow where neoplastic bone marrow stem cells lodge and grow at sites outside the bone marrow. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:173 term: osseous metaplasia goid: MPATH:174 definition: Metaplasia resulting in formation of bone definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:174 term: healing and repair goid: MPATH:175 definition: The process, normal or abnormal, of damage repair or wound closure definition_reference: PS:175 term: connective tissue replacement goid: MPATH:176 definition: Replacement of connective tissue by fibro-fatty deposits and scar tissue definition_reference: PS:176 term: angiogenesis goid: MPATH:177 definition: Aberrant process of blood vessel formation and the subsequent remodeling process; does not refer to the initial establishment of the vascular network by vasculogenesis. definition_reference: PS:177 term: extracellular matrix deposition goid: MPATH:178 definition: Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix proteins or other components definition_reference: PS:178 term: fibrin deposition goid: MPATH:179 definition: Deposition of fibrin definition_reference: PS:179 term: fibroblast proliferation goid: MPATH:180 definition: Abnormal or reactive proliferation of fibroblasts definition_reference: PS:180 term: fibrosis goid: MPATH:181 definition: Reactive formation of fibrous tissue definition_reference: PS:181 term: gliosis goid: MPATH:182 definition: Proliferation of astrocytes in an area of damage in the brain or spinal cord definition_reference: PS:182 term: granulation tissue goid: MPATH:183 definition: Newly formed connective (vascular or fibrous)tissue caused by inflammation or healing (repair) processes.Microscopically consists of capillaries fibroblastic cells and inflammatory cells. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:183 term: sclerosis goid: MPATH:184 definition: Any pathological thickening or hardening of a tissue definition_reference: PS:184 term: parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:185 definition: Post-injury regeneration of the functional tissue parenchyma. Eg. Liver. definition_reference: PS:185 term: complete parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:186 definition: Complete healing through parenchymal regeneration - no fibrosis definition_reference: PS:186 term: incomplete parenchymal regeneration goid: MPATH:187 definition: Incomplete healing usually accompanied by fibrosis definition_reference: PS:187 term: immunopathology goid: MPATH:188 definition: Conditions resulting from inappropriate activation or suppression of the immune or inflammatory response definition_reference: Pathbase PathologyCommittee:188 term: hypersensitivity disease goid: MPATH:189 definition: Immune response resulting in tissue injury definition_reference: PS:189 term: type i hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:190 definition: This is manifested by localized or generalized reaction that occurs immediately (minutes) after exposure to an antigen to which the person/animal was previously sensitized. It is IgE-mediated, and mast cell activation and degranulation are hallmarks. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:190 term: type ii hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:191 definition: Caused by an antibody/antigen reaction: antibodies are directly or indirectly cytotoxic to antigens on cell surfaces or in connective tissues. comment: Most often involves IgG and IgM. Complement activation is usually involved. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:191 term: type iii hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:192 definition: Tissue injury mediated by immune complexes. Generally involves immune complexes formed in the blood via antobodies encountering circulating antigens. Immune complexes then deposit in tissues (especially blood vessels and glomeruli), induce complement activation, and result in tissue injury. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:192 term: type iv hypersensitivity goid: MPATH:193 definition: An antigen-elicited cellular immune reaction that results in tissue damage, but does not require Ab participation. The response is seen at the area of contact. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:193 term: immune mediated disease goid: MPATH:194 definition: Tissue response to inappropriate immune/inflammatory process definition_reference: PS:194 term: arthritis goid: MPATH:195 definition: Inflammation of a joint definition_reference: PS:195 term: dermatitis goid: MPATH:196 definition: Inflammation of the skin definition_reference: PS:196 term: glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:197 definition: Renal disease characterised by diffuse inflammatory changes in glomeruli not in response to an infectious agent or treatment. definition_reference: PS:197 term: immune mediated hemolytic anaemia goid: MPATH:198 definition: An anemic/erythrocytopenic condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated erythrocyte destruction definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:198 term: immune mediated thrombocytopenia goid: MPATH:199 definition: A condition resulting from an increased rate of immune mediated platelet destruction definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:199 term: myositis goid: MPATH:200 definition: Inflammation of a muscle definition_reference: PS:200 term: vasculitis goid: MPATH:201 definition: Inflammation of a blood vessel. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:201 term: immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:202 definition: Defective immune response; can be primary due to defect in immune system or secondary/acquired due to disease definition_reference: PS:202 term: general immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:203 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH:202 definition_reference: PS:203 term: chronic/recurrent inflammatory disease goid: MPATH:204 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. Subsumed into MPATH: 214. definition_reference: PS:204 term: immunodeficiency associated infection goid: MPATH:205 definition: Infection with bacteria, viruses or fungi subsequent to immunodeficiency definition_reference: PS:205 term: primary immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:206 definition: Disease due to primary molecular or cellular defect in the immune system or its development definition_reference: PS:206 term: immunodeficiency - lymphoid defect goid: MPATH:207 definition: Primary defect in the lymphoid arm of the immune system definition_reference: PS:207 term: immunodeficiency - myeloid/phagocytic defect goid: MPATH:208 definition: Primary defect in the myeloid arm of the immune system definition_reference: PS:208 term: secondary immunodeficiency disease goid: MPATH:209 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection, ablation or deficiency. definition_reference: PS:209 term: acquired immunodeficiency goid: MPATH:210 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to external injury, infection or ablation. definition_reference: PS:210 term: failed transfer of maternal immunoglobulin goid: MPATH:211 definition: Defect in the immune system subsequent to failure to attain passive immunity from maternal transfer of immunoglobulins. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:211 term: inflammation goid: MPATH:212 definition: A tissue reaction to an internal or external injury. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:212 term: acute inflammation goid: MPATH:213 definition: Inflammation with a recent onset, characterised histologically by primarily granulocyte infiltration, edema and hyperemia. comment: The five classical signs of inflammation: Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa Galen 300BC definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:213 term: chronic inflammation goid: MPATH:214 definition: Chronic inflammatory condition characterised by infiltration of primarily lymphocytes. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:214 term: granulomatous inflammation goid: MPATH:215 definition: Nodular inflammatory reaction, containing compactly grouped epithelioid cells, giant cells, and other macrophages. The basic inflammatory unit is termed a granuloma. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee:215 term: necrotic inflammation goid: MPATH:216 definition: Acute inflammatory reaction in which the predominant histological change is rapid diffuse necrosis throughout the affected tissue. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:216 term: ulcerative inflammation goid: MPATH:217 definition: Combination of inflammation, often suppurative or granulomatous, with ulceration. comment: Ulcers may be a component or inflammation. Use MPATH: Ulcer definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:217 term: neoplasia goid: MPATH:218 definition: Abnormal and uncontrolled autonomous new cell growth (proliferation)that may be benign or malignant. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:218 term: adnexal and skin appendage tumor goid: MPATH:219 definition: Tumors of the skin, its constituent structures and glands including the mammary gland, apocrine and eccrine glands, hair follicles and associated structures. definition_reference: PS:219 term: apocrine adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:220 definition: Carcinoma of the glandular epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/3) definition_reference: PS:220 term: apocrine adenoma goid: MPATH:221 definition: Benign neoplasm of the epithelium of apocrine glands (M-8401/0) definition_reference: PS:221 term: ceruminous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:222 definition: Malignant carcinoma of the ceruminous gland (M-8420/3) definition_reference: PS:222 term: ceruminous adenoma goid: MPATH:223 definition: Benign adenomatous neoplasia of the ceruminous glands of the external auditory meatus (M-8420/0) definition_reference: PS:223 term: clear cell hidradenoma goid: MPATH:224 definition: Tumor derived from eccrine sweat glands composed of clear glycogen rich cells. ( M-84020 ) definition_reference: PS:224 term: eccrine gland adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:225 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8413/3) definition_reference: PS:225 term: eccrine gland adenoma goid: MPATH:226 definition: Benign neoplasm of the eccrine gland (M-8408/0) definition_reference: Papillary adenoma:226 term: eccrine papillary adenoma goid: MPATH:227 definition: Papillary form of eccrine sweat gland adenoma.(M -8408/0) definition_reference: PS:227 term: papillary hidradenoma goid: MPATH:228 definition: Benign apocrine sweat gland tumor (8405/0) definition_reference: PS:228 term: sebaceous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:229 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the sebaceous cells - rare areas of differentiation, severe nuclear atypia (M-8410/3) definition_reference: PS:229 term: sebaceous adenoma goid: MPATH:230 definition: Adenoma of sebaceous cells; regular architecture of gland not mantained. Large numbers of immature germinative cells present. Mitoses. (M-8410/0) definition_reference: PS:230 term: syringoma goid: MPATH:231 definition: A benign, often multiple, sometimes eruptive neoplasm of the sweat gland ducts composed of very small round cysts. (M-8407/0) definition_reference: PS:231 term: trichoepithelioma goid: MPATH:232 definition: Multiple small benign nodules derived from basal cells of hair follicles enclosing small cornified cell containing cysts. (M-8100/0) definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:232 term: basal cell tumor goid: MPATH:233 definition: Well circumscribed tumor of the basal cells of the epidermis. Rare mitotic figures, benign. (M8147/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:233 term: blood vessel tumor goid: MPATH:235 definition: Tumor of venous or arterial vessels or capillaries definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:235 term: angiofibroma goid: MPATH:236 definition: .A benign neoplasm of fibrous tissue in which there are multiple large and small dilated vascular channels ( M9160/0) definition_reference: PS:236 term: angiokeratoma goid: MPATH:237 definition: An intradermal capillary telangiectasis with hyperkeratosis and acanthosis (M-9141/0) definition_reference: PS:237 term: hemangioblastoma goid: MPATH:238 definition: A benign neoplasm frequently arising in the cerebellum composed of capillary vessel–forming endothelial cells and stromal cells. (M-9161/1) definition_reference: PS:238 term: hemangioendothelioma goid: MPATH:239 definition: see comment comment: obsolete Use Hemangioma MPATH: 240 definition_reference: PS:239 term: hemangioma goid: MPATH:240 definition: Neoplasm derived from endothelial cells. May be of capillary or cavernous type with large vascular channels. (M-9130/0 + M-9120/0 resp) definition_reference: Booth CJ, Sundberg JP. (1995) Hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in inbred laboratory mice. Lab Animal Investigation 45:497-502.:240 term: central nervous system tumor goid: MPATH:243 definition: Neoplasm of the neurones, glia or meninges of the CNS definition_reference: PS:243 term: astrocytoma goid: MPATH:244 definition: Glioma derived from astrocytes, both benign and malignant forms (M-9400/3) comment: Also see comments in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:244 term: choroid plexus carcinoma goid: MPATH:245 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. (M-9390/3) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:245 term: basal cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:234 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the basal cells of the epidermis with local invasion.(M-8090/3) definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:234 term: choroid plexus papilloma goid: MPATH:246 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus.( M-9390/0) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:246 term: ependymoma goid: MPATH:247 definition: Neoplasm derived from the ependymal cells lining the ventricles and aqueduct of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Malignant or benign. (M-9391/3) comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:247 term: ependymoma malignant goid: MPATH:248 definition: see comment comment: obsolete -subsumed into MPATH:247 definition_reference: PS:248 term: glioma goid: MPATH:249 definition: Neoplasm derived from astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (M-9380/3, M-9440/3) comment: Also see comments in: Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:249 term: medulloblastoma goid: MPATH:250 definition: Neoplasm derived from the primitive neurectodermal cells of the cerebellum. (M-9470/3)May be considered by some authorities a synonym of PNET in the CNS. comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:250 term: meningioma goid: MPATH:251 definition: see comment comment: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the meninges. (M-9530/0) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:251 term: oligodendroglioma goid: MPATH:252 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived form oligodendrocytes (M-9450/3) comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:252 term: sub-ependymoma goid: MPATH:253 definition: Neoplasm derived from sub-ependymal astrocytes (M-9383/1) comment: Also see general scheme in Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:253 term: complex or mixed tumor goid: MPATH:254 definition: Tumors showing mutiple histological componants/differentiation definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:254 term: adenoacanthoma goid: MPATH:255 definition: Mixed tumor of glandular epithelia with squamous and glandular diffferentiation. (M-8570/3) definition_reference: PS:255 term: carcinosarcoma goid: MPATH:256 definition: Possible origin from smooth muscle cells or pluripotential embryonic mesenchymal cells. May show up to three cellular componants including carcinoma and sarcoma type appearances. (M-8980/3) definition_reference: PS:256 term: craniopharyngioma goid: MPATH:257 definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm, which may be cystic, developing from the epithelium of Rathke`s pouch and occuring with or close to the pituitary gland. . (M-9350/1) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:257 term: mesodermal mixed tumor goid: MPATH:258 definition: Neoplasm showing multiple phases, derived from mesoderm (M-8951/3) definition_reference: PS:258 term: mucoepidermoid carcinoma goid: MPATH:259 definition: Most commonly a salivary gland carcinoma of low grade malignancy composed of mucous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells. (M-8430/3) definition_reference: PS:259 term: mullerian mixed tumor goid: MPATH:260 definition: Neoplasm usually of the uterus or adnexae containing carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, sometimes with third or fourth componants. (M-8950/3) definition_reference: PS:260 term: nephroblastoma goid: MPATH:261 definition: Embryonal tumor thought to be derived from metanephric blastema. Mono, bi or triphasic, sometimes with heterotypic differentiation. (M-8960/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:261 term: pulmonary blastoma goid: MPATH:262 definition: A biphasic tumor containing a primitive epithelial component, that may resemble well-differentiated fetal adenocarcinoma and a primitive mesenchymal stroma, which occasionally has foci of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma or rhadomyosarcoma.(M-8972/3) definition_reference: PS:262 term: rhabdoid sarcoma goid: MPATH:263 definition: Sarcomatous tumors, presenting a wide histological, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical spectrum. M-8963/3 definition_reference: PS:263 term: fibroepithelial tumor goid: MPATH:264 definition: Tumors with epithelial invaginations/linings and a fibrillary and fibrocytic stroma. (M-9000 - M-9030) definition_reference: PS:264 term: adenofibroma goid: MPATH:265 definition: A benign neoplasm composed of glandular and fibrous tissues, predominantly glandular. (M-9013/0) definition_reference: PS:265 term: fibroadenoma goid: MPATH:266 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which there is a abundant stroma of proliferating fibroblasts and connective tissue. (M-9010/0) definition_reference: PS:266 term: glandular tumor goid: MPATH:267 definition: Neoplasms derived from glandular epithelial cells definition_reference: PS:267 term: adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:268 definition: Malignant neoplasm of epithelial cells in glandular or glandlike pattern. (M-8140/3) definition_reference: PS:268 term: adenocarcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:269 definition: A noninvasive abnormal proliferation of glands believed to precede the appearance of invasive adenocarcinoma. (M-8140/2) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:269 term: adenoma goid: MPATH:270 definition: A benign epithelial neoplasm in which the tumor cells may form glands or glandlike structures. In different instances this may remain a benign tumor or progress to malignancy. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:270 term: adenomatous polyposis coli goid: MPATH:271 definition: Spontaneous intestinal adenoma formation. Polyps increase in number, causing symptoms of chronic colitis and potentially transform into adenocarcinoma. (M-8220/0) definition_reference: PS:271 term: clear cell adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:274 definition: An adenocarcinoma characterised by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. (M-8310/3) definition_reference: PS:274 term: comedocarcinoma goid: MPATH:275 definition: Form of carcinoma of the breast or other organ in which plugs of necrotic malignant cells are present in the ducts. (M -8501/3) definition_reference: PS:275 term: cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:276 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/3) definition_reference: PS:276 term: cystadenoma goid: MPATH:277 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. (M-8440/0) definition_reference: PS:277 term: follicular adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:278 definition: Originates in the follicular cells of thyroid follicles. Papillary, solid and follicular forms. (M- 8330/3) definition_reference: PS:278 term: follicular adenoma goid: MPATH:279 definition: Adenoma derived from the follicular cells of the thyroid follicles. Follicular, paipillary and solid forms. M- 8330/0 definition_reference: PS:279 term: harderian gland adenoma goid: MPATH:280 definition: Adenoma derived from acinar epithelium of the harderian gland. Papillary, cystic, cystic-papillary and acinar forms. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:280 term: harderian gland carcinoma goid: MPATH:281 definition: Malignant tumor derived form acinar epithelium of the Harderian gland. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:281 term: intraductal carcinoma goid: MPATH:283 definition: In situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2) comment: Made obsolete by inclusion in MPATH: 486 Ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia definition_reference: PS:283 term: intraductal papillary carcinoma goid: MPATH:284 definition: Infiltrating tumor with papillary morphology derived from the breast epithelium (M-8503/3) definition_reference: PS:284 term: intraductal papilloma goid: MPATH:285 definition: Benign papilloma arising from ductal epithelium (M- 8503/0 ) definition_reference: PS:285 term: intraductal papillomatosis goid: MPATH:286 definition: Diffuse multiple adenomatous papillomas derived from the ductal epithelium of the breast. (M- 8505/0) definition_reference: PS:286 term: islet cell adenoma goid: MPATH:287 definition: Usually pancreatic B cell derived tumors mostly producing insulin. (M- 8150/0) definition_reference: PS:287 term: islet cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:288 definition: Rare tumor of the islet s of Langerhans, most of which produce insulin. (M- 8150/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:288 term: lobular carcinoma goid: MPATH:289 definition: A form of breast adenocarcinoma derived from lobular cells. (M-8520/3) definition_reference: PS:289 term: lobular carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:290 definition: Non-infiltrating form of lobular adenocarcinoma derived from the ductal epithelium. (M-8520/2) definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:290 term: medullary carcinoma goid: MPATH:291 definition: Derived from calcitonin-producing cells (thyroid).In humans a type of carcinoma composed of epithelial elements with considerable lymphoid stroma (breast)Not yet reported in mice.(M-8510/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:291 term: mucinous cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:292 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, eg. Ovary. consisting of a solid to cystic mass lined with cuboidal pleomorphic epithelial cells producing a mucinous material. (M- 8470/3) definition_reference: PS:292 term: mucinous cystadenoma goid: MPATH:293 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of mucinous retained secretions are formed. (M-8470/0) definition_reference: PS:293 term: myoepithelioma goid: MPATH:294 definition: Tumor originating in myoepithelial cells of exocrine glandular structures; for example mammary gland, salivary gland and preputial/clitoral glands.( M-8982/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:294 term: papillary adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:295 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma. (M-8260/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:295 term: papillary adenoma goid: MPATH:296 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from a glandular epithelium, in which solid tumors show papillary structures projecting onto fibrovascular stroma.. (M-8260/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:296 term: papillary cystadenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:297 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/3) definition_reference: PS:297 term: papillary cystadenoma goid: MPATH:298 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cysts contain folds or papillary projections into the lumen. (M-8450/0) definition_reference: PS:298 term: pinealoma goid: MPATH:299 definition: Originating from differentiated cells of the pineal parenchyma. Not to be confused with human pinealoma (syn: germinoma) non-gonadal germ cell tumors found in the pineal believed to be atypical teratomas. May be benign or malignant. If ectopic teratomas/teratocarcinomas use MP322 or MP321. (M-9360/1) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:299 term: pineoblastoma goid: MPATH:300 definition: Malignant neoplasms which arise from pineoblasts, the primitive pineal stem cells. (M-9362/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:300 term: pineocytoma goid: MPATH:301 definition: A tumor arising in the pineal gland that resembles normal pineal parenchyma. (M-9361/1) definition_reference: PS:301 term: pituicytoma goid: MPATH:302 definition: Benign tumor derived from the pituicytes ( glial cells of neurohypophysis) (M-8272/0) definition_reference: PS:302 term: pseudomyxoma peritonei goid: MPATH:303 definition: Tumor characterized by extensive spread of a mucin-secreting neoplasm along the peritoneal surfaces (M-8480/6) definition_reference: PS:303 term: serous adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:304 definition: Adenocarcinoma from a serous gland producing and containing serous proteinaceous secretions (M-8441/3) definition_reference: PS:304 term: serous cystadenoma goid: MPATH:305 definition: Ovarian cystadenoma composed of cells similar to tubal epithelium (M-8441/0) definition_reference: PS:305 term: signet ring cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:306 definition: Adenocarcinoma of signet ring type arising from exocrine cells of the gastric mucosa or enterocytes of intestinal mucosa.(M-8490/3) definition_reference: Boivin, G.P., Washington, K, Yang, K., et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124, 762-777:306 term: thyroid c-cell adenoma goid: MPATH:307 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. definition_reference: PS:307 term: thyroid c-cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:308 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from the calcitonin producing C-cells of the thyroid gland. (M-8510/3, M-8345/3) definition_reference: PS:308 term: gonadal tumor goid: MPATH:309 definition: Germ cell and non-germ cell tumors of the testis and ovary definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:309 term: germ cell tumor goid: MPATH:310 definition: Neoplasms derived from germ cells. May be gonadal or extragonadal and are derived from primordial germ cells. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:310 term: dermoid cyst goid: MPATH:311 definition: Cystic ovarian teratomas with different mature cell types (M-9084/3) definition_reference: PS:311 term: dysgerminoma goid: MPATH:312 definition: Undifferentiated germ cell tumor of the ovary composed of solid sheets of large polygonal cells with rim of clear cytoplasm (M-9060/3) definition_reference: PS:312 term: embryonal carcinoma goid: MPATH:313 definition: Germ cell derived malignant neoplasm of the testis or ovary, composed of anaplastic cells with indistinct cellular borders and large ovoid, round, or bean-shaped nuclei that may have large nucleoli. (M-9070/3 ) definition_reference: PS:313 term: endodermal sinus tumor goid: MPATH:314 definition: Germ cell derived tumors resembling parietal or visceral yolk sac endoderm derivatives. Abundant eosinophilic matrix surrounding nests and cords of neoplastic cells. (M-9071-3) definition_reference: PS:314 term: gonadoblastoma goid: MPATH:315 definition: Gonadal neoplasms that consist of aggregates of germ cells and sex cord elements (M-9073/1) definition_reference: PS:315 term: mixed germ cell tumor goid: MPATH:316 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the testis/ovary including various elements of germ cell tumors (M-9085/3) definition_reference: PS:316 term: seminoma goid: MPATH:317 definition: Tumor derived from spermatogenic cells resembling spermatogenia or spermatocytes. NOS ( M9061/3) definition_reference: PS:317 term: classical seminoma goid: MPATH:318 definition: As MPATH:317, but not spermatocytic (M-9061/3) definition_reference: PS:318 term: spermatocytic seminoma goid: MPATH:319 definition: Neoplasm of the testis usually found within the tubule. Some debate as to whether it is of germ cell origin in contrast to classical seminoma. Three types of cells are identified in spermatocytic seminomas: those with small, intermediate, and large nuclei in humans. (M-9063/3) definition_reference: Walt, H., Oosterhuis, J.W. and Stevens, L.C. (1993) Int J Androl, 16, 267-271:319 term: struma ovarii goid: MPATH:320 definition: Rare ovarian tumor, regarded as monodermal teratoma, in which thyroid tissue has surpassed the other elements; occasionally associated with hyperthyroidism (M-9090/0) definition_reference: PS:320 term: teratocarcinoma goid: MPATH:321 definition: Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3) definition_reference: PS:321 term: teratoma goid: MPATH:322 definition: Generally benign germ cell derived tumors of male or female containing derivatives from all three germ layers with differentiation in the malignant form being poor. Malignant tumors are highly metatstatic. (M-9080/1) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:322 term: gonadal somatic cell tumor goid: MPATH:323 definition: Neoplasms derived from the non-germ cell derived tissues of the testis and ovary definition_reference: PS:323 term: androblastoma goid: MPATH:324 definition: obsolete use Sertoli cell tumor MPATH: 331 definition_reference: PS:324 term: fibrothecoma goid: MPATH:325 definition: obsolete use thecoma MPATH:334 definition_reference: PS:325 term: granulosa cell tumor goid: MPATH:326 definition: . Derived from sex cord stromal cells. In male thought to be Sertoli cells. (M- 8620/1). definition_reference: Beamer WG, Shultz KL, Tennent BJ, Azumi N, Sundberg JP. ( 1998 )Mouse model for malignant juvenile ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Toxicol Pathol 26:704-10:326 term: gynandroblastoma goid: MPATH:327 definition: see comment comment: obsolete Use sertoli-leydig cell tumor MPATH 332 definition_reference: PS:327 term: leydig cell tumor goid: MPATH:328 definition: Tumor derived from Leydig cells (M-8650/1) definition_reference: Mahler M, Sundberg JP ( 1997) Spontaneous Leydig cell tumors in inbred laboratory mice Lab Animal Science 47:148-52:328 term: luteal cell tumor goid: MPATH:329 definition: Tumor derived from sex cords composed of highly luteinised cells with extensive pale granular cytoplasm. (M- 8610/0) definition_reference: PS:329 term: ovarian stromal tumor goid: MPATH:330 definition: Tumor consists of a mixture of granulosa, luteal thecal, Sertoli and stromal cells. (M-8590/1) definition_reference: PS:330 term: sertoli cell tumor goid: MPATH:331 definition: Tumor derived from sex cord/stromal cells; Sertoli cells and can occur in both testis and ovary.(M-8640/1) definition_reference: PS:331 term: sertoli-leydig cell tumor goid: MPATH:332 definition: Tumor of the ovary or testis containing granulosa or theca cell elements with a tubular componant of Sertoli cell type and producing simultaneous androgenic and estrogenic effects.(M-8631/0) definition_reference: PS:332 term: sex cord tumor goid: MPATH:333 definition: see comment comment: obsolete: Use more specific terms: MPATH: 334, 331, 329, 326 definition_reference: PS:333 term: thecoma goid: MPATH:334 definition: Derived from sex cord stromal cells, spindle shaped cells arranged in whorls or interlacing bundles. (M- 8600/0) definition_reference: PS:334 term: hematopoietic/lymphoid malignancies/disorder goid: MPATH:335 definition: Proliferative disorders and malignancies of the lymphoid and non lymphoid haematopoietic lineages. definition_reference: http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:335 term: leukaemia goid: MPATH:336 definition: see comment comment: obsolete folowing reclassification. definition_reference: PS:336 term: erythroid leukaemia goid: MPATH:337 definition: Leukaemia with at least 50% of nucleated erythroid cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:337 term: granulocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:338 definition: see comment comment: obsolete following reclassification see: MPATH505 definition_reference: PS:338 term: megakaryocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:340 definition: Leukaemia with at least 50% of megakaryocytic cells infiltrating haematopoietic tissue definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:340 term: myelodysplastic disorder goid: MPATH:341 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. Less than 20% should be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:341 term: lymphoma goid: MPATH:343 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; divided between subtypes of MPATH516, MPATH535 definition_reference: PS:343 term: follicle center cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:344 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; see MPATH 522 definition_reference: PS:344 term: immunoblastic lymphoma goid: MPATH:345 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; see MPATH525 definition_reference: PS:345 term: small lymphocytic lymphoma goid: MPATH:347 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; see MPATH520 definition_reference: PS:347 term: thymic lymphoma goid: MPATH:348 definition: see comment comment: obsolete definition_reference: PS:348 term: mast cell tumor goid: MPATH:349 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; see MPATH507 definition_reference: PS:349 term: mastocytoma goid: MPATH:350 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. See MPATH507 definition_reference: PS:350 term: thymoma goid: MPATH:351 definition: A neoplasm in the anterior mediastinum, originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated; occasionally invasive, but metastases are rare; histologically, consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. (M-8580/1) definition_reference: Stedman:351 term: hepatic tumor goid: MPATH:352 definition: Tumors of the liver and biliary apparatus definition_reference: PS:352 term: hepatocellular adenoma goid: MPATH:353 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/0) definition_reference: PS:353 term: cholangiocarcinoma goid: MPATH:354 definition: Malignant tumor derived from the bile duct epithelium. (M8160/3) definition_reference: PS:354 term: cholangiofibroma goid: MPATH:355 definition: Develops from cholangiofibrosis, fibrosis of the biliary ducts and is only potentially malignant. definition_reference: PS:355 term: hepatoblastoma goid: MPATH:356 definition: Malignant neoplasm of the liver of unknown origin . Liver blastemal cells, neoplastic hepatocytes, oval cells and biliary epithelial cells have been proposed. (M- 8970/3) definition_reference: PS:356 term: melanocytic tumor goid: MPATH:358 definition: Tumors derived form melanocytes definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:358 term: melanoma in situ goid: MPATH:360 definition: A potentially malignant lesion, melanoma in situ is the first phase of growth of melanoma, in which it is still confined to the epithelial domain (epidermis and adnexa) and has not passed through the basement membrane. (M-8720/2) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:360 term: naevus goid: MPATH:361 definition: Local lesion of the skin, often colored by hyperpigmentation or increased vascularity. May be predominantly epidermal, adnexal, melanocytic, vascular, or mesodermal, or a compound overgrowth of these tissues. Not necessarily pre-malignant.(M-8720/0) definition_reference: PS:361 term: mesonephroma goid: MPATH:362 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm of the ovary and corpus uteri, thought to originate in mesonephric structures.(M-9110/3) definition_reference: PS:362 term: mesonephric tumor goid: MPATH:363 definition: Tumor beleived to be derived from mesonephric remnants. (M-8310/3) definition_reference: PS:363 term: mesothelial tumor goid: MPATH:364 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; subsumed into MPATH365 definition_reference: PS:364 term: mesothelioma goid: MPATH:365 definition: Benign or malignant neoplasm derived from the lining cells of the pleura and peritoneum, composed of spindle cells or fibrous tissue which may enclose glandlike spaces lined by cuboidal cells. Epithelioid, fibrous, cystis, papillary, and sarcomatoid variants. (M- 9050/3) definition_reference: PS:365 term: neuroendocrine tumor goid: MPATH:366 definition: Neoplasms derived from the neuroendocrine system definition_reference: PS:366 term: carcinoid tumor goid: MPATH:367 definition: Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derived from primitive stem cells. Found predominantly in the lung and gut they are capable of secretng a large range of substances and have a number of histological subtypes. May resemble but are distinct from small cell lung carcinoma in the lung.( M- 8240/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Commitee:367 term: endocrine adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:368 definition: obsolete definition_reference: PS:368 term: primitive neurectodermal tumor goid: MPATH:370 definition: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are neoplasms derived from primitive neural stem cells either in the CNS or the periphery . These are small-cell, malignant embryonal tumors showing divergent differentiation of variable degree along neuronal, glial, or rarely mesenchymal lines. (M-9473/3, M-9364/3) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:370 term: tumorlet goid: MPATH:372 definition: Small disseminated foci of atypical bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Benign. (M- 8040/1) definition_reference: PS:372 term: cns progenitor tumor goid: MPATH:373 definition: Neoplasms derived from neuroepithelial precursors comment: Renamed from neuroepitheliomatous tumor, to reflect primitive origins of this class of tumor. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:373 term: esthesioneuroblastoma goid: MPATH:374 definition: A neoplasm of immature, poorly differentiated neuronal cells believed to arise from neuroepithelial precursors in the olfactory epithelium. (M- 9522/3) definition_reference: PS:374 term: ganglioneuroma goid: MPATH:375 definition: A benign neoplasm composed of mature ganglionic neurons scattered singly or in clumps within a relatively abundant and dense stroma of neurofibrils and collagenous fibers. (M-9490/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:375 term: neuroblastoma goid: MPATH:376 definition: A malignant neoplasm characterized by immature, poorly differentiated nerve cells of embryonic type. (M-9500/3) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:376 term: phaeochromocytoma goid: MPATH:377 definition: A catecholamine-secreting tumor arising from the chromaffin cells of the sympathetic nervous system or adrenal medulla. May be benign or malignant . [See MPATH 398]. (M- 8510/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:377 term: retinoblastoma goid: MPATH:378 definition: Malignant juvenile neoplasm of the eye derived from primitive retinal precursor cells. (M- 9510/3) definition_reference: PS:378 term: odontogenic tumor goid: MPATH:379 definition: Neoplasm arising from the tissues of the odontogenic apparatus. These tumors are derived from ectodermal tissue (epithelial tumors) or from mesodermal tissue (connective tissue tumors) or are composed of both components (mixed or composite odontogenic tumors) . definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:379 term: ameloblastic fibroma goid: MPATH:380 definition: A tumor consisting of proliferating strands and clumps of odontogenic epithelium in a highly cellular fibroblastic stroma resembling the dental papilla of developing teeth. The epithelial component are composed of peripheral cuboidal or cylindrical cells enclosing scant stellate cells. (M-9330/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:380 term: ameloblastoma goid: MPATH:381 definition: Benign odontogenic epithelial neoplasm that histologically mimics the embryonic enamel organ but does not differentiate to the point of forming dental hard tissue.Histologically dominated by epithelial cells in a scant fibroblastic stroma. (M-9310/0) definition_reference: PS:381 term: cementifying fibroma goid: MPATH:382 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal cells or cementoblasts. Well demarcated tumor occurring exclusively in the jaw containing spindle cells which undergo transformation to cuboidal cementoblasts forming multiple cementicle like bodies. ( M-9274/0) definition_reference: PS:382 term: cementoblastoma goid: MPATH:383 definition: A neoplasm arising from the periodontal ligament (M-9273/0) definition_reference: PS:383 term: cementoma goid: MPATH:384 definition: Reactive fibro-osseous lesion derived from odotongenic cells in the periodontal ligament (M-9272/0) definition_reference: PS:384 term: dentinoma goid: MPATH:385 definition: Similar lesion to ameloblastic fibroma (MPATH380) , but also showing inductive changes that lead to the formation of dentine (M-9271/0) definition_reference: PS:385 term: odontogenic tumor goid: MPATH:386 definition: see comment comment: redundant definition_reference: PS:386 term: odontoma goid: MPATH:387 definition: Hamartomatous malformation of odontogenic tissue. It may vary from nondescript masses of dental tissue (complex odontoma) to multiple well-formed teeth (compound odontoma). Cf ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. (M-9280/0) definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:387 term: osseous and chondromatous tumor goid: MPATH:388 definition: Neoplasms of bone and cartilage definition_reference: PS:388 term: chondroblastoma goid: MPATH:389 definition: A benign or malignant neoplasm occuring in the epiphyses of long bones, consisting of highly cellular tissue resembling embryonic cartilage. (M-9230/0, /3) definition_reference: PS:389 term: chondroblastoma, malignant goid: MPATH:390 definition: see comment comment: Subsumed into MPATH:389 definition_reference: PS:390 term: chondroma goid: MPATH:391 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage composed of well differentiated hyaline cartilage (M-9220/0) definition_reference: PS:391 term: chondrosarcoma goid: MPATH:392 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form pluripotential nesenchymal cells , chondrocytes or chondroblasts. No production of osteoid.(M-9220/3) definition_reference: PS:392 term: osteoblastoma goid: MPATH:393 definition: Generally benign osteogenic neoplasm of unknown aetiology. Aggressive form may be confused with osteosarcoma. NOT a syn for osteofibroma. (M-9200/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:393 term: osteochondroma goid: MPATH:394 definition: Benign bone tumor characterized by hyaline cartilage capped bony growths that project from the surface of the affected bone. (M-9210/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:394 term: osteofibroma goid: MPATH:395 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts composed of mature nbone trabelculae seperated by a stroma of spindle cells. (M- 9262/0) definition_reference: PS:395 term: osteosarcoma goid: MPATH:397 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived form mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts or osteocytes. Highly invasive and destructive tumor rising in the skeleton with osteoid and immature woven bone. (M-9180/3) definition_reference: PS:397 term: paragangliomas and glomus tumor goid: MPATH:398 definition: Generally benign neoplasms of CHIEF cells arising from neuroectodermal tissues, found in various parts of the body. Note that until recently, glomus tumors were believed to be derived from specialised vascular cells, which is incorrect. Paraganglioma is the preferred term.The nomenclature for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma is inconsistent. The term paraganglioma is used to refer to any extra-adrenal tumor of the paraganglion system or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system. Functional tumors are referred extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. definition_reference: PS:398 term: aortic body tumor goid: MPATH:399 definition: Paraganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the aortic body (M-8691/1) definition_reference: PS:399 term: carotid body tumor goid: MPATH:400 definition: Praganglioma arising in the CHIEF cells of the carotid body (M-8692/1) definition_reference: PS:400 term: glomus jugulare tumor goid: MPATH:401 definition: A glomus tumor arising from the chief cells of the paraganglia ( neurectodermal derivatives) , or glomus bodies, located within the wall (adventitia) of the jugular bulb. (8690/1) definition_reference: PS:401 term: glomus tumor goid: MPATH:402 definition: see comment comment: obsolete; use paraganglioma M-8711/0) or specific example terms, MPATH399-401. definition_reference: PS:402 term: paraganglioma goid: MPATH:403 definition: A neoplasm composed of derivatives of CHIEF cells usually in single encapsulated nodular masses surrounded with sustentacular cells. ( M- 8711/0) definition_reference: PS:403 term: soft tissue tumor goid: MPATH:404 definition: Neoplasms of the soft and connective tissues. definition_reference: PS:404 term: chordoma goid: MPATH:405 definition: Believed to arise from primitive notochord remnants . Usually occurs along the axial skeleton and is characterised by the presence of bubble cells containing large unstained cytoplasmic vacuoles with central or eccentricc nuclei. Benign but locally invasive. (M-9370/3) definition_reference: PS:405 term: dermatofibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:406 definition: Highly recurrent, infiltrative skin tumors of intermediate malignancy derived from fibroblasts/fibrocytes. Human condition dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (M-8832/3) definition_reference: PS:406 term: fibrous histiocytoma goid: MPATH:409 definition: Benign or maligant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells showing fibrous and histiocytic differentiation (M-8830/0) definition_reference: PS:409 term: giant cell tumor of soft tissue goid: MPATH:410 definition: Malignant or benign tumor of pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells giving rise to large multinucleated cells (M- 9251/1) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:410 term: granular cell tumor/alveolar sarcoma goid: MPATH:411 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. Use specific terms MPATH: 412 or MPATH: 413 definition_reference: PS:411 term: alveolar soft part sarcoma goid: MPATH:412 definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin though probably myogenic due to expression of MyoD and other myogenic lineage markers. Consists of grouped polygonal tumor cells with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in an organ-like configuration separated by thin fibrovascular septa. Central areas within these nests of cells become necrotic, and the loss of architecture produces an alveolar appearance. (M-9581/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:412 term: granular cell tumor goid: MPATH:413 definition: Large polygonal or round cell tumors with abundant acidophilic cytoplasm containing PAS positive granules. Found especially in the uertine cervix. Aetiology unknown. (M-9580/0) definition_reference: PS:413 term: histiocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:414 definition: see comment comment: redundant use MPATH506 definition_reference: PS:414 term: lipomatous tumor goid: MPATH:415 definition: Tumors derived from the lipogenic lineage or showing predominantly lipomatous differentiation definition_reference: PS:415 term: angiomyolipoma goid: MPATH:416 definition: Benign renal neoplasm composed of fat, vascular, and smooth muscle elements. Associated with tuberous sclerosis in humans. Aetiology unknown, but the combination of elements may reflect a lesion specific pattern of metaplasia. (M-8860/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:416 term: lipoma goid: MPATH:417 definition: Benign neoplasia derived frpom lipoblasts or lipocytes of white or brown fat. May be angiomatous or hibernomatous. (M- 8850/0) definition_reference: PS:417 term: liposarcoma goid: MPATH:418 definition: Malignant neoplasms which probably originate in primitive mesenchymal stem cell populations diferentiating down a lipomatous pathway. (M- 8850/3) definition_reference: PS:418 term: lymphatic vessel tumor goid: MPATH:419 definition: Neoplasms of the lymphatic vessels definition_reference: PS:419 term: lymphangioma goid: MPATH:420 definition: Benign hamartomatous malformation of the lymphatic ducts. Usually found in the skin and may be superficial or deep. (M-9170/0) definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:420 term: lymphangiomyomatosis goid: MPATH:421 definition: Characterized by benign peribronchial, perivascular, and perilymphatic proliferation of atypical smooth muscle resulting in vascular and airway obstruction, cyst formation, and a progressive decline in lung function. (M- 9174/1) definition_reference: PS:421 term: lymphangiosarcoma goid: MPATH:422 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from vascular tissue in which the neoplastic cells originate from the endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels. (M-9170/3) definition_reference: PS:422 term: myomatous tumor goid: MPATH:423 definition: Neoplasms derived from myogenic lineages or predominantly composed of cells showing myomatous differentiation. definition_reference: PS:423 term: intravascular leiomyomatosis goid: MPATH:424 definition: Benign leiomyoma that invades vascular spaces. (M-8890/1) definition_reference: PS:424 term: leiomyoma goid: MPATH:425 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from smooth muscle cells. (M-8890/0) definition_reference: PS:425 term: leiomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:426 definition: Malignant tumor derived form pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or smooth muscle cells. (M- 8890/3) definition_reference: PS:426 term: myoblastoma goid: MPATH:427 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. Syn of granular cell tumor. MPATH 413 definition_reference: PS:427 term: rhabdomyosarcoma goid: MPATH:428 definition: Malignant tumor of striated muscle or pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells. (M-8900/3) definition_reference: PS:428 term: myxomatous tumor goid: MPATH:429 definition: Neoplasms resembling primitive mesenchymal tissue with a soft mucous matrix. definition_reference: PS:429 term: angiomyxoma goid: MPATH:430 definition: Angiomyxoma is a poorly circumscribed, slowly growing lesion composed of spindle-shaped and stellate cells evenly distributed in an abundant myxoid matrix. The lesion contains numerous vessels, often showing some hyalinization of their walls, and occasionally surrounded by a few smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells may express desmin and/ or smooth muscle actin (M-8841/1) definition_reference: PS:430 term: myxoma goid: MPATH:431 definition: A benign neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. May show mutiple differentiated componants. (M-8840/0) definition_reference: PS:431 term: myxosarcoma goid: MPATH:432 definition: A malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells of connective tissue, consisting chiefly of polyhedral and stellate cells that are loosely embedded in a soft mucoid matrix. (M-8840/3) definition_reference: PS:432 term: nerve sheath tumor goid: MPATH:433 definition: Neoplasms of the nerve sheath definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:433 term: neurilemmoma goid: MPATH:434 definition: see comment comment: obsolete. Use schwannoma MPATH438 definition_reference: PS:434 term: neurofibroma goid: MPATH:435 definition: Peripheral nerve tumor consisting of chaotic arrays of wavy schwann cell bundles and fibroblasts interspersed within a matrix rich in collagen and mucopolysaccharide. (M9540/0) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:435 term: neurofibromatosis goid: MPATH:436 definition: Systemic manifestation of MPATH:435 ( M-9540/1) definition_reference: PS:436 term: neurofibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:437 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from Schwann cells. (M-9540/3) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:437 term: schwannoma goid: MPATH:438 definition: May be malignant or benign, Schwann cell derived tumor considered to be neurectodermal with some acquired mesenchymal features. (M-9560/0) definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:438 term: synovial-like tumor goid: MPATH:439 definition: Neoplasms of synovial origin definition_reference: PS:439 term: synovial sarcoma goid: MPATH:440 definition: Malignant neoplasm occurring in close association with tendon sheaths and joint capsules. Biphasic in humans , showing a mixed spindle cell and epithelioid like morphology; this is not seen in rodents to date. (M-9040/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:440 term: synovioma goid: MPATH:441 definition: see comment comment: Obsolete. Use MPATH:440 definition_reference: PS:441 term: squamous cell tumor goid: MPATH:442 definition: Neoplasms of stratified squamous epithelial cells definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:442 term: inverted squamous papilloma goid: MPATH:443 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface and is more smoothly rounded. (M-8053/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:443 term: keratoacanthoma goid: MPATH:444 definition: Skin type is thought to arise from follicular epithelium of hair follicles; found in other epithelia. Composed of multiple cup shaped cavities filled with lamellated concentrically arranged or homogeneous cornified masses. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:444 term: papilloma goid: MPATH:445 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic epithelial cells (M- 8050/0) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:445 term: squamous cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:446 definition: Malignant tumor derived from stratified squamous cells. (M-8070/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:446 term: squamous cell carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:447 definition: Pre-neoplastic intraepithelial lesion of squamous cells (M-8070/2) definition_reference: PS:447 term: squamous cell papilloma goid: MPATH:448 definition: A benign tumor consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic squamous epithelial cells. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:448 term: verrucous carcinoma goid: MPATH:449 definition: A well-differentiated papillary squamous cell carcinoma. (M-8051/3) definition_reference: PS:449 term: transitional cell tumor goid: MPATH:450 definition: Neoplasms of transitional epilthelia, eg kidney, ureter , bladder , cervix. definition_reference: PS:450 term: transitional cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:451 definition: Malignant neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/3) definition_reference: PS:451 term: transitional cell carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:452 definition: Pre-malignant intra-epithelial neoplasm of transitional cells (M-8120/2) definition_reference: PS:452 term: transitional cell papilloma goid: MPATH:453 definition: Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form ( M- 8120/1) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:453 term: trophoblastic tumor goid: MPATH:454 definition: Tumors derived directly from trophoblastic tissue or differentiated from germ cell tumor origins. definition_reference: PS:454 term: choriocarcinoma goid: MPATH:455 definition: Tumor derived from malignant trophoblastic cells. May be found in the uterus, ovary and testis. May also be derived from teratomas and teratocarcinomas in males. (M-9100/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:455 term: hydatidiform mole goid: MPATH:456 definition: Vesicular or cystic tumor with hydropic villi resulting from the proliferation of trophoblast in the absence ( complete) or the presence ( partial) of an embryo.. Most complete moles are homozygous androgenetic XX 46.(M-9100/0) definition_reference: PS:456 term: placental site trophoblastic tumor goid: MPATH:457 definition: Neoplastic proliferation of intermediate trophoblasts that invades the myometrium at the placental site after a pregnancy. (M-9104/1) definition_reference: PS:457 term: nuclear defect goid: MPATH:460 definition: Defect in the structure or function of the nuclear membrane or matrix or other component definition_reference: PS:460 term: cataract; capsular-epithelial goid: MPATH:461 definition: Proliferation of lens epithelium and capsule leading to fibrous metaplasia and anterior subcapsular cataract ( ASC) . Possible developmental origin definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton.:461 term: cataract; nuclear and cortical goid: MPATH:462 definition: Nuclear cataract of developmental origin with tendency to progress with age and involve the cortex and capsule. definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton.:462 term: cataract; cortical liquefactive goid: MPATH:463 definition: Of developmental origins; nucleus and cortex become completely liquefied in post-natal life. definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton.:463 term: cataract; lens extrusion goid: MPATH:464 definition: Involves capsular rupture usually of the posterior lens capsule, close to birth or in the first few weeks postpartum. Cortical material spills into the vitreous humor and may be disseminated through the eye. definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton.:464 term: glaucoma developmental goid: MPATH:465 definition: Consequent on developmental abnormalities in the trabecular network and Schlemm`s canal in the angle. definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton:465 term: glaucoma; open angle goid: MPATH:466 definition: Failure of drainage of the eye for unknown reasons definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton.:466 term: glaucoma; angle closure goid: MPATH:467 definition: Develops when the angle caused by the iris and cornea closes. May occur because of anatomically narrow angles or adhesions. definition_reference: Smith, R. S., John, S.W.M., Nishina, P.M., and Sundberg, J.P. (2002) Systematic evaluation of the mouse eye. CRC Press, Boca Raton:467 term: pseudocyst goid: MPATH:468 definition: Formation of extracellular (sensu pancreas) non-epithelial bounded spaces containing accumulated products or substances. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:468 term: symmetry defect goid: MPATH:469 definition: Any aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern definition_reference: PS:469 term: left/right axis defect goid: MPATH:470 definition: Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the Left/Right (mediolateral) axis aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern comment: For example as seen in the mutation definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:470 term: anterior/posterior axis defect goid: MPATH:471 definition: Anteroposterior aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern definition_reference: PS:471 term: dorsal/ventral axis defect goid: MPATH:472 definition: Dorsoventral aberration of the normal symmetrical organisation of the body pattern definition_reference: PS:472 term: developmental cystic dysplasia goid: MPATH:473 definition: Developmental dysplasia showing epithelial cell bounded cavities. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:473 term: ectasia goid: MPATH:474 definition: Dilation of a tubular structure comment: Often associated with an obstruction definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:474 term: ductal ectasia goid: MPATH:475 definition: Dilation of a ductal structure definition_reference: PS:475 term: telangiectasia goid: MPATH:476 definition: A lesion formed by a dilated capillary or terminal artery definition_reference: PS:476 term: choristoma goid: MPATH:477 definition: Similar to hamartoma, including the mass lesion requirement, but unlike hamartoma, includes heterotopic tissue of an adult or embryonic nature ( topographical and developmental anomaly) definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:477 term: angiogenesis defect goid: MPATH:478 definition: Abnormality in developmental angiogenesis definition_reference: PS:478 term: vasculogenesis defect goid: MPATH:479 definition: Defect in formation of blood vessels by vasculogenesis, proliferation or recruitment of endothelial cells definition_reference: PS:479 term: decidual defect goid: MPATH:480 definition: Any defect in the formation, architecture, cellular composition or function of the maternal decidua definition_reference: PS:480 term: pre-neoplastic lesions goid: MPATH:481 definition: Lesions likely to result in progression to frank tumors, which may be classified as pre-neoplastic or pre-cancerous. comment: Obsolete; replaced by potentially pre-cancerous lesions (MPATH 556) as many are actually neoplastic but do not progress to cancer. definition_reference: Ward, J.M. ( 2002) J Toxicol. Pathol. 15, 123-128:481 term: focal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:482 definition: Localised hyperplastic lesion. Polyclonal lesions are probably benign but clonal lesions may progress to malignancy. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:482 term: atypical hyperplasia goid: MPATH:483 definition: Presence of localised areas within for example adenomas showing characteristics of neoplastic (tumor) progression, eg focal carcinoma. comment: Considered to be too vague to be useful. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:483 term: nodular hyperplasia goid: MPATH:484 definition: Expansion of small hyperplastic lesions to become macroscopically nodular, compressing adjacent cells definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:484 term: carcinoma in situ goid: MPATH:485 definition: May be used in some systems in preference to its synonyms to indicate lesion specific aprearances. A lesion characterised by changes of the type associated with invasive carcinoma, but physically bounded by the lining epithelium and without local invasion. comment: Subsumed into MPATH: 132 definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:485 term: ductal intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:486 definition: Pre-malignant hyperplastic and/or dysplastic change in the mammary gland epithelium with the potential to give rise to malignant tumors. comment: This term covers the range of DIN (MIN) including severe intra-epithelial neoplasia (IENIII), alternatively termed in situ carcinoma of the mammary ductal epithelium. (M- 8500/2). See Tavassoli FA. (1998) Mod Pathol. 11:140-54. Ductal carcinoma in situ: introduction of the concept of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia for further definition. definition_reference: Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, et .al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.:486 term: intestinal intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:487 definition: Histologically apparent areas of dysplasia that are not grossly visible (smaller than 0.5-1 mm). Lesions may involve single or multiple glands. definition_reference: Boivin GP, Washington K, Yang K, Ward JM, et. al (2003) Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer: consensus report and recommendations Gastroenterology. 124:762-77:487 term: prostate intra-epithelial neoplasia goid: MPATH:488 definition: See reference for definition. comment: Also see: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/prostate_models/path_class_mouse definition_reference: Henson, D.E. and Albores-Saavedra, J. Pathology of incipient neoplasia. 3rd Ed. Oxford University Press, 839, 2001:488 term: adenomatous polyp goid: MPATH:490 definition: Benign neoplastic growth containing areas of adenomatous structure (progression) definition_reference: PS:490 term: polyp goid: MPATH:491 definition: A mass of tissue which projects outward or upward from the normal surface level being macroscopically visible as a hemispheroidal, spheroidal, or irregular moundlike structure growing from a relatively broad base or a slender stalk. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:491 term: membraneous glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:492 definition: Glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary basement membranes, due in part to subepithelial deposits of immunoglobulins separated by spikes of basement membrane material, definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:492 term: membraneoproliferative glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:493 definition: A chronic glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial cell proliferation, increased lobular separation of glomeruli, thickening of glomerular capillary walls and increased mesangial matrix, definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:493 term: autoimmune glomerulonephritis goid: MPATH:494 definition: Glomerulonephritis caused by autoimmune attack on the glomerulus. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:494 term: glomangioma goid: MPATH:495 definition: Tumor derived from the capillary glomus with arteriovenous capillary anastomoses. Often characterized by multiple tumors resembling cavernous hemangioma (M-8712/0) definition_reference: PS:495 term: non-lymphoid leukaemias goid: MPATH:496 definition: Neoplasms of non-lymphoid haematopoietic lineage. Must have at least 20% blast cells to meet this definition. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:496 term: myeloid leukaemia without maturation goid: MPATH:497 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly differentiated and not monocytic. At least 90% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:497 term: myeloid leukaemia with maturation goid: MPATH:498 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic but not monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:498 term: myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukaemia goid: MPATH:500 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are well differentiated and in which there are fewer than 20% blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:500 term: myelomonocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:501 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are moderately differentiated with a neutrophilic and a monocytic component. At least 20% of the cells have to be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:501 term: monocytic leukaemia goid: MPATH:502 definition: Leukaemia in which neoplastic cells are poorly or moderately differentiated with a monocytic but no neutrophilic component. At least 20% of the cells must be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:502 term: biphenotypic leukaemia goid: MPATH:503 definition: A leukaemia with at least 90% blasts and differentiation markers of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:503 term: non-lymphoid hematopoietic sarcomas goid: MPATH:504 definition: Solid tumor mass composed of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245 http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/238/DC1/2:504 term: granulocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:505 definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of granulocytic or relatively undifferentiated non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:505 term: myeloid dysplasias goid: MPATH:508 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:508 term: cytopenia with increased blasts goid: MPATH:509 definition: Haematopoietic proliferation with evidence of trilineage dysplasia. More than 20% should be blasts. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:509 term: myeloid proliferations (non-reactive) goid: MPATH:510 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells. Genetically determined. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:510 term: myeloproliferation (genetic) goid: MPATH:511 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which do not infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow. Genetically determined. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:511 term: myeloproliferative disease goid: MPATH:512 definition: Non-reactive persistent accumulation of non-lymphoid haematopoietic cells in the blood which infiltrate the spleen and the bone marrow. definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:512 term: lymphoid neoplasms goid: MPATH:513 definition: Neoplasms of the B or T cell lineage definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:513 term: non-lymphoid neoplasias goid: MPATH:515 definition: Haematological neoplasias of non-lymphoid origin definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:515 term: b-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:516 definition: Neoplasm of the B cell lymphoid lineage definition_reference: PS:516 term: precursor b cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:517 definition: Lymphoma originating from precursor B-cells definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:517 term: precursor b -cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia goid: MPATH:518 definition: Lymphoma originating in a precursor B-cell. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:518 term: mature b-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:519 definition: Lymphomas originating in peripheral B cells definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:519 term: small b-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:520 definition: Diffuse accumulation of small mature B-cells definition_reference: PS:520 term: splenic marginal zone lymphoma goid: MPATH:521 definition: A lymphoid proliferation of cells of the marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:521 term: follicular b cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:522 definition: A lymphoid proliferation composed of a mixture of centroblasts and centrocytes that may or may not have a nodular(follicular)pattern. The follicular dendritic cell network is not present, unlike in the human. The equivalent typical translocation (Chr. 14:18 )seen in humans has not been reported in the mouse. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:522 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:523 definition: Diffuse proliferation of large B lymphoid cells definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:523 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, centroblastic type goid: MPATH:524 definition: Diffuse follicular centre cell lymphoma mainly composed of centroblasts. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:524 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, immunoblastic type goid: MPATH:525 definition: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma with increased number of immunoblasts. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:525 term: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, histiocyte associated goid: MPATH:526 definition: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with more than 50% histiocytes. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:526 term: primary mediastinal (thymic) diffuse large b cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:527 definition: Primary B-cell lymphoma of the thymus. Reported in C57BL/6 mice infected with replication defective MuLV. Not clear that this is the equivalent of the human disease. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100: 246-258:527 term: classic burkitt lymphoma goid: MPATH:528 definition: Highly proliferative B-cell lymphoma characteristically seen in c-Myc transgenic mice, derived from mature B cells. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:528 term: burkitt-like lymphoma goid: MPATH:529 definition: Highly proliferative mature B-cell lymphoma, poorly defined. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:529 term: b-natural killer cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:531 definition: Unusual lymphoma type described in thymectomised (SL/Kh x AKR/Ms) F1 mice. No equivalent found in human to date. See reference for detailed phenotype. definition_reference: Lu, L-M., et al (1999) Jpn J. Cancer Res. 90: 1218-1223:531 term: extraosseous plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:533 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Frequently found in IL6 transgenic mice. Characteristically involves spleen and nodes rather than peritoneum. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:533 term: anaplastic plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:534 definition: Diffuse proliferation of immature plasma cells or plasma blasts. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:534 term: t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:535 definition: Neoplasms derived from cells of the T lymphocyte lineage. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:535 term: precursor t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:536 definition: Neoplasms of precursor T cells definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:536 term: precursor t-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukaemia goid: MPATH:537 definition: Precursor T cell derived neoplasia. Most commonly found in the thymus. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:537 term: mature t-cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:538 definition: Non-thymic neoplasms of mature T cell origin. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:538 term: small t-cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:539 definition: Accumulation of small mature T cells. No human counterpart known to date. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:539 term: t cell neoplasms character undetermined goid: MPATH:540 definition: T cell neoplasms which cannot currently be classified into known subtypes. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:540 term: t large cell anaplastic lymphoma goid: MPATH:541 definition: Diffuse large pleiomorphic T cell lymphoma. This entity does not correspond to human anaplastic large cell lymphoma. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:541 term: t natural killer cell lymphoma goid: MPATH:542 definition: Neoplasm of large granular T cells of CD8 phenotype. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:542 term: cholangioma goid: MPATH:543 definition: Benign neoplasm of the bilairy duct. Occurs in solid and cystic forms. (M-8160/0) definition_reference: PS:543 term: hepatocholangiocellular adenoma goid: MPATH:544 definition: Benign tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar adenoma and cholangioma definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:544 term: hepatocholangiocellular carcinoma goid: MPATH:545 definition: Malignant tumor of unknown origin showing features of hepatocelluar carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. (M-8180/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:545 term: mucous secretions goid: MPATH:547 definition: extracellular accumulation of mucous secretions comment: Mucus is the clear viscous secretion of the mucous membranes. Consisting of mucin, epithelial cells, leukocytes and various inorganic salts dissolved in water. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:547 term: papillary transitional cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:548 definition: A generally malignant neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by atypical neoplastic epithelial or urothelial cells cells. definition_reference: PS:548 term: carcinoma goid: MPATH:549 definition: Any of various types of malignant neoplasm derived from epithelial cells, chiefly glandular (adenocarcinoma) or squamous (squamous cell carcinoma) definition_reference: PS:549 term: sarcoma goid: MPATH:550 definition: A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells definition_reference: PS:550 term: sarcoma goid: MPATH:551 definition: A connective tissue neoplasm, usually highly malignant, formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells definition_reference: PS:551 term: neuritis goid: MPATH:553 definition: Inflammation of a nerve definition_reference: Stedman`s medical Dictionary. 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins ( Philadelphia):553 term: dystrophy goid: MPATH:554 definition: Regressive changes which may increase in severity, and which may result from defective nutrition or support of a tissue or organ. comment: Most often used for diseases in which a structure does not develop properly (not necessarily in an embryonic context) and undergoes degradation. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:554 term: mineralisation goid: MPATH:555 definition: Deposition of any homogeneous inorganic material definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins and Pathbase Pathology Committee:555 term: potentially cancerous lesions goid: MPATH:556 definition: Lesions which in some cases have the potential to become progressively growing malignant tumors. definition_reference: Pathbase consortium:556 term: aberrant crypt foci goid: MPATH:557 definition: Sensu gastrointsestinal tract. visible microscopically in whole mount colonic tissue. One or more crypts larger than most, have a thickened layer of epithelial cells that stain more intensely with methylene blue. Some have a slit shaped luminal opening, and increased pericryptal space and are elevated from the focal plane of the microscope. ACF is not a histologic diagnosis. comment: Use IEN1 MPATH:130 instead. Suppressed as not strictly a histological diagnosis. definition_reference: Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer: consensus report and recommendations Gastroenterology. 124:762-77:557 term: adenomyoepithelioma goid: MPATH:558 definition: adenocarcinoma type tumor with both glandular and squamous differentiation. (M-8983/0) definition_reference: Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, et .al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.:558 term: acinar adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:559 definition: Tumor composed of small glandular clusters with small lumens. definition_reference: Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.:559 term: cribriform adenocarcinoma goid: MPATH:560 definition: tumor composed of sheets or nests of cells forming lumens with round, punched out spaces. definition_reference: Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Gusterson BA, et . al. (2000) Oncogene. 19:968-88.:560 term: adenosquamous carcinoma goid: MPATH:561 definition: Mixed adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma. Not yet reported in mice. M-8560/3 definition_reference: Boivin, G.P., Washington, K, Yang, K., et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124, 762-777:561 term: glioblastoma goid: MPATH:564 definition: Develop primarily through increasing anaplasia of well differentiated gliomas, mainly astrocytomas or oligodendrogliomas. Typically large and contain cells of different sizes with irrregular nuclei and atypical mitotic figures. (M-9440/3) comment: Also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:564 term: mixed glioma goid: MPATH:568 definition: Mixed tumor containing astrocytes within an oligodendroglioma or vice versa. In some cases both components may be neoplastic. (M-9382/3) comment: also see Weiss, W.W, Israel, M. Cobbs, C., et al. (2002) Oncogene 21, 7453-7463 definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:568 term: granular cell tumor goid: MPATH:569 definition: see comment comment: Subsumed into MP:413 as incidence in meninges, whilst a characteristic lesion, is the same type of tumor as that originally classified under myomatous tumors. Describe meningeal granular cell tumor using MP:413 and the anatomical descriptor. definition_reference: Jaenisch, W and Schrieber, D. In `Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents`. ed Bannasch, P. and Goessner, W. (1994) Schattauer:569 term: peripheral nervous system tumors goid: MPATH:570 definition: tumors of the peripheral nervous system definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:570 term: pilomatricoma goid: MPATH:571 definition: Tumor composed of the epithelial components of the most proximal (trichogenic) portion of the hair follicle associated with an aberrent hair cortex type of cornification (ghost cells or shadow cells). The most primitive cellular component consists of basophilic cells having scanty cytoplasm and nuclei that occasionally overlap to some extent. In humans mineralisation is common. definition_reference: See: Gat, U., DasGupta, R., Degenstein, L. and Fuchs, E. (1998) De Novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin Cell, 95, 605-614.:571 term: ossifying fibroma goid: MPATH:572 definition: Ossifying fibromas are benign tumors derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblasts. Occur spontaneously or in response to radiation. Preferentially located in mandible, maxilla and caudal spine. Composed of a characteristically regular trabecular bone pattern embedded in a fibrous stroma. Proliferating component consists of spindle cells which give rise to cuboidal osteoblasts to form rounded bodies or trabeculae. Bone trabeculae resemble the alphabet soup shapes characteristic of fibrous dysplasia in humans. In contrast to fibrous dysplasia the bone trabeculae of ossifying fibroma are mostly lamellar and ringed by active osteoblasts. definition_reference: Luz A, Goessner, W.,and Murray AB.(1991) Ossifying fibroma, mouse. In: Jones TC, Mohr U, Hunt RD (eds) Monographs on pathology of laboratory animals. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp 228-232:572 term: inverted transitional cell papilloma goid: MPATH:573 definition: Pre-malignant lesion of transitional cells, papillomatous form, in which proliferating epithelium is invaginated beneath the surface. definition_reference: PS:573 term: clara cell adenoma goid: MPATH:552 definition: Benign tumor of the Clara cells of the bronchioalveolar epithelium comment: Merged with MPATH:272 following recommendations of MMHC 2003. definition_reference: Hahn, F.F. and Boorman, GA. neoplasia and pre-neoplasia in the lung. In Pathology of Neoplasia and Preneoplasia in Rodents. Vol.2. p 39. (1997) Schattauer ( Stuttgart and New York):552 term: basaloid follicular neoplasms goid: MPATH:575 definition: This is a new diagnostic term that the MMHC pathology panel felt best describeda diagnostically challenging set of tumors that share the feature of beingcompose of basaloid cells showing follicular differentiation to some extent.These tumors are common in GEM involving the hedgehog signaling pathway andfrequently have more than one of the histologic patterns listed below. Thedesignation of benign and malignant has been excluded from the primary diagnosispurposely, as this is frequently difficult to determine in these characteristicallywell circumscribed tumors. The presence of a disorganized (non-palisaded)sheet-like growth pattern, tumor necrosis, or numerous mitoses are felt torepresent malignant transformation definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:575 term: trichofolliculoma goid: MPATH:576 definition: Basaloid neoplasm with numerous mature hair folliclesand hair formation. definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models:576 term: spiradenoma goid: MPATH:577 definition: Cellular neoplasm with well formed palisades of basaloid cellsadjacent to less basophilic smaller cells with occasional central deposition ofamorphous eosinophilic material. These tumors share some features with cylindromatype tumors but have a less well developed jigsaw puzzle-like architecture and tendto be more cellular definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification:577 term: trichoblastoma goid: MPATH:578 definition: Basaloid neoplasm with frequent primitive hair follicles definition_reference: http://emice.nci.nih.gov/emice/mouse_models/organ_models/skin_models/hierarchical_classification:578 term: ulcer goid: MPATH:579 definition: Loss of epithelium and the basement membrane (full thickness). cf Erosion. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:579 term: erosion goid: MPATH:580 definition: Partial epithelial denudation not penetrating to the basement membrane. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:580 term: desmoplasia goid: MPATH:581 definition: Connective tissue proliferative reaction induced by a neoplastic process. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:581 term: cicatricial alopecia goid: MPATH:582 definition: Scarring of the hair follicle without affecting the adjacent dermis. Pigment may be associated with fibrous tract in pigmented individuals. definition_reference: PS:582 term: scarring alopecia goid: MPATH:583 definition: Loss of hair follicles in a diffuse dermal scar. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:583 term: myelofibrosis goid: MPATH:584 definition: In mice the term refers to accumulation of fibrous connective tissue in the medullary cavity of bones; usually in old mice. In humans the term is synonymous with myeloid metaplasia. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:584 term: acidophilic macrophage pneumonia goid: MPATH:585 definition: A mixed inflammatory infiltrate in the pulmonary airways with predominant intraalveolar macrophage component with intra- and extracellular, elongated, bright eosinophilic/acidophilic crystals. comment: Crystals and acidophilic material have been reported as various materials including Ym1 and Ym2 proteins and blood pigment derivatives and Eotaxin. definition_reference: Murray AB, Luz A ( 1990 ) Acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in laboratory mice. Vet Pathol. 27; 274-81:585 term: polycystic disease goid: MPATH:586 definition: A group of degenerative disorders resulting in multiple cysts in tissues. definition_reference: Pathbase Pathology Committee:586 term: cribriform epididymal hyperplasia goid: MPATH:587 definition: The lesion is characterized microscopically by epithelial cells with atypical hyperchromatic nuclei, vacuolization, intratubular lumina formation, infrequent apoptosis, and rare mitotic figures. In contrast to germ cells, the cells of CEH do not express alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, or S-100. Ultrastructurally, the cells are pleomorphic with stereocilia at their apical borders and within intratubular lumina, and are supported by a basement membrane. CEH does not appear to be a preneoplastic change. comment: Cribriform epididymal hyperplasia was initially described as an incidental finding in human orchidectomy specimens. Recently, this condition was also described in mice, homozygous for a targeted mutation in p53. definition_reference: La Perle KM, Blomme EA, Sagartz JE, Capen CC (2002) Epididymal cribriform hyperplasia with nuclear atypia in p53 homozygous knockout. Comp Med. 2002 52:568-71.:587 term: fibro-osseous lesion goid: MPATH:590 definition: Lesion of bone showing accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption coupled with fibroplasia. Later stages show proliferation of osteoblasts. comment: The benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOL) represent a clinically diverse group of disorders of bone that share similar histopathologic features. As a group, they are relatively common in the craniofacial complex, especially the jaws. Common in some inbred strains notably B6C3F1 females. Note that many of the synonyms have been used historically and may not be accurate.See:Albassam MA, Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Capen CC, Carlton WW, Sundberg JP, Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press, Washington D.C., pp 425-437Albassam MA, Wojcinski ZW, Barsoum NJ, Smith, GS (1991) Spontaneous fibro-osseous proliferative lesions in the sternums and femurs of B6C3F1 mice. Vet Path 28: 381-388 definition_reference: Albassam MA, Courtney CL (1996) Nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bone. In: Mohr U, Dungworth DL, Capen CC, Carlton WW, Sundberg JP, Ward JM (eds) Pathobiology of the aging mouse. Vol 2. Musculoskeletal system. ILSI Press, Washington D.C., pp 425-437:590 term: fatty infiltration goid: MPATH:591 definition: Accumulation of mature adipose tissue in a healing wound site or otherwise in response to tissue damage definition_reference: PS:591 term: osteopetrosis goid: MPATH:592 definition: Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone and mineralized cartilage, especially in long bones, leading to obliteration of marrow spaces and to anemia with myeloid metaplasia and hepatosplenomegaly beginning in infancy, to bone fragility, and to progressive deafness and blindness. definition_reference: Tolar J, Teitelbaum SL, Orchard PJ (2004) Osteopetrosis N Engl J Med. 351:2839-49:592 term: cell death goid: MPATH:2 definition: Complete and irreversible cessation of metabolic activity definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:2 term: melanoma goid: MPATH:359 definition: Tumor of neurectodermal origin, usually melanocytes, showing dense deposition of melanin granules, although amelanotic melanomas have been reported.(M-8720/3) definition_reference: # Klein-Szanto, A.J., Neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the mouse skin, in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents, P. Bannasch and W. Gössner, Editors. 1997. Schattauer: Stuttgart. p. 1-18:359 term: hepatocellular carcinoma goid: MPATH:357 definition: Malignant tumor derived from hepatocytes. (M- 8170/3) definition_reference: Bannasche, P and Zerban, H. Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the rat iver. In: Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents, P. Bannasch and W. Gössner, Editors. 1997. Schattauer: Stuttgart. p. 18-63:357 term: histiocytic sarcoma goid: MPATH:506 definition: Solid tumor mass composed predominantly of histiocytic cells (M-9775/3) definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:506 term: bronchioloalveolar adenoma goid: MPATH:272 definition: Benign epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8140/1)1.2.1.2 in MMHCC classification definition_reference: 1. Nikitin, A.Y., Alcaraz, A., Anver, M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research, 64: 2307-2316.:272 term: bronchioloalveolar carcinoma goid: MPATH:273 definition: Malignant epithelial neoplasm of the lung. (M-8250/3)1.2.3.2, 1.2.3.5 of MMHCC classification definition_reference: 1. Nikitin, A.Y., Alcaraz, A., Anver, M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research, 64: 2307-2316.:273 term: small cell carcinoma goid: MPATH:371 definition: Neuroendocrine cell derived anaplastic carcinoma composed of small cells, usually of the lung producing a variety of peptide hormones. (M-8041/3)1.2.3.4 of MMHCC classification comment: see: Meuwissen, R., Linn, S.C., Linnoila, R.I. et al. (2003) Induction of small cell lung cancer by somatic inactivation of both Trp53 and Rb1 in a conditional mouse model. Cancer cell, 4: 181-189.Calbo, J., Meuwissen, R., van Montfort, E. et al. (2005) Genotype-phenotype relationships in a mouse model for human small-cell lung cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology, 70: 225-232.Meuwissen, R. and Berns, A. (2005) Mouse models for human lung cancer. Genes & development, 19: 643-664. definition_reference: Nikitin, A.Y., Alcaraz, A., Anver, M.R. et al. (2004) Classification of proliferative pulmonary lesions of the mouse: recommendations of the mouse models of human cancers consortium. Cancer research, 64: 2307-2316.:371 term: osteoma goid: MPATH:396 definition: Benign neoplasm derived from osteoblasts or osteocytes composed of very dense bone with predominantly woven structure. ( M-9180/0) definition_reference: Luz, A and Gessner, W. , Neoplastic bone lesions of the mouse, in Pathology of neoplasia and preneoplasia in rodents, P. Bannasch and W. Gössner, Editors. 1997. Schattauer: Stuttgart. p. 142-154:396 term: hemangiosarcoma goid: MPATH:242 definition: Malignant neoplasm derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells or endothelial cells of blood vessels. (M-9120/3) definition_reference: Booth CJ, Sundberg JP. (1995) Hemangiomas and hemangiosarcomas in inbred laboratory mice. Lab Animal Investigation 45:497-502.:242 term: hemangiopericytoma goid: MPATH:241 definition: A vascular, usually benign, neoplasm composed of round and spindle cells derived from the pericytes and surround endothelium-lined vessels. (M-9150/0/1/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:241 term: infiltrating duct carcinoma goid: MPATH:282 definition: Derived from the mammary ductal epithelium and penetrating the stroma (M-8500/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:282 term: soft tissue fibrosarcoma goid: MPATH:408 definition: Maligant tumor derived from pluripotential mesenchymal stem cells; fibroblasts, fibrocytes (M-8810/3) definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:408 term: mast cell sarcoma goid: MPATH:507 definition: Solid tumor mass composed of mast cells definition_reference: Kogan et al ( 2002) Blood 100: 238-245:507 term: fibroma goid: MPATH:407 definition: Benign neoplasm of fibroblasts/fibrocytes with poor/moderate cellularity.(M-8810/0) comment: "Soft tissue" qualifier removed by Pathology Panel to increase scope of term. definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:407 term: amyloid deposition goid: MPATH:34 definition: Extracellular deposition of amyloid protein comment: Any group of chemically diverse proteins that appears microscopically homogeneous, but is composed of linear non-branching aggregated fibrils aranged in sheets when see under the electron microscope. definition_reference: Stedman`s Medical Dictionary 27th ed. (1999) Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins:34 term: myeloma goid: MPATH:593 definition: Plasma cell myeloma - (ICD-O 9732/3) definition_reference: PS:593 term: plasmacytoma goid: MPATH:532 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:532 term: plasma cell neoplasms goid: MPATH:530 definition: Diffuse proliferation of mature plasma cells. Clonal by definition. Includes the equivalent of human myeloma. definition_reference: Morse et al. (2002) Blood 100; 246-258:530 term: myeloid leukaemia goid: MPATH:342 definition: Leukaemias of the myeloid lineage definition_reference: 1. Kogan, S.C., Ward, J.M., Anver, M.R. et al. (2002) Bethesda proposals for classification of nonlymphoid hematopoietic neoplasms in mice. Blood, 100: 238-245.:342 term: cystic hyperplasia goid: MPATH:594 definition: Formation of multiple retention cysts from obstruction of ducts or glands by hyperplasia of the lining epithelium definition_reference: Pathbase Curation:594 term: extramedullary hemopoiesis goid: MPATH:595 definition: the formation of and development of blood cells outside the red pulp of the spleen. Composed of varying numbers of megakaryocytes as well as myeloid and erythroid precursors. definition_reference: Ward, J.M., Mann, P.C., Mrishima, H., and Frith, C.H. Thymus, Spleen and Lymph nodes. Ch 13. p342. In Maronpot, R. Pathology of the Mouse. (1999) Cache River Press. Vienna IL:595 term: mesothelial hyperplasia goid: MPATH:148 definition: Benign proliferation of mesothelial cells lining body cavities presenting as small solid cell clusters or multiple layers with columnar morphology and delicate eosinophilic cytoplasm. definition_reference: Mohr,:148 term: mucinous carcinoma goid: MPATH:563 definition: carcinoma derived from gastrointestinal epithelium with a high mucinous content. (M-8480/3) definition_reference: Boivin, G.P., Washington, K, Yang, K., et al. (2003) Gastroenterology 124, 762-777:563